Performances of Zeolite, Coconut Shell, and Zeolite+Coconut Shell-Based Water Cartridges to Minimize Contaminants of Drinking Water

ABSTRACTS Performances of zeolite, coconut shell, and zeolite+coconut shell-based water cartridges to minimize contaminants of drinking waters wereconducted in the present study. The zeolite stones and coconut shell charcoal were powdered to be ≥ 60 meshes. The powders were packed intoa cartridge to provide zeolite, coconut shell, and zeolite+coconut shell (1:2) cartridges, respectively. Well waters allowed to flow through eachcartridge for a month. Thereafter, each water filtrate was harvested and analyzed numbers of parameters from four variables included in thequality table of drinking water. The total coliform found in each 100 mL of the well water equaled to 460 MPN (most possible number) whilethe fecal coli equaled to 150. When the well water flowed through the developing cartridges, the MPN content varied which depended on thecartridge materials qualitative compositions. Total coliform remained in water filtrates of the well waters flowed through the cartridges made ofzeolite, coconut charcoal, and their mixture (1:2 by volume) were 38, 240, and 96 MPN, respectively. These developed cartridges, therefore,could remove these total coliform from the well waters by 92, 48, and 79 %, respectively. Overall, the performance of the developed cartridgemade of zeolite was highest among those cartridges. Keywords: zeolite, water cartridge, coconut shell, coconut charcoal, zeolite cartridg

PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM KADMIUM PADA UDANG (Peanaeus merguiensis) DENGAN PERENDAMAN CUKA NIRA ENAU (Arenga pinnata)

A research on the decrease of cadmium (Cd) content in shrimps by soaking them in palm (Arenga Pinnata) vinegar has been done. This study aimed to determine the removal percentage (%) of cadmium from shrimp after immersed in palm (Arenga Pinnata) vinegar and to determine the concentration and immersion time optimum in reducing the cadmium metal content in shrimps. The research was conducted in several steps namely sample preparation, determination of optimum concentration of vinegar, simulation of shrimp pollution, sample soaking in palm (Arenga Pinnata) vinegar and determination of cadmium content in samples. A two-way ANOVA test (α = 0,05) showed that the variation of palm (Arenga Pinnata) vinegar concentration has significant effect on reducing Cd content, while contact times have no significant effect on the reduction of Cd content in shrimps. It was found that the optimum concentration of palm (Arenga Pinnata) vinegar was 2% and optimum immersion time was 30 minutes. The removal percentage (%) of cadmium content from shrimps using palm vinegar reached 98.84%

Simple Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μ-PAD) Coupled with Smartphone for Mn(II) Detection Using Tannin as a Green Reagent

The development of a simple yet greener microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μ-PAD) for on-site detection of Mn(II) in various types of waters using tannin as a natural reagent was described. The μ-PAD consists of twelve detection zones, created on a Whatman Number 1 filter paper by a simple drawing technique using an acrylic watercolor. The detection of Mn(II) was based on the color change on the reaction zone due to the reaction between Mn(II) and the pre-deposited tannin. The μ-PAD image was captured by a portable smartphone detector, and the blue intensity was digitized using a color picker application to generate the reflectance as the analytical response. The proposed method was characterized by a linear dynamic range of 0.05–0.25 mg L−1 with the limit of detection (LOD) for the determination of Mn(II) of 0.026 mg L−1. The other analytical merits of the proposed method, such as precision (RSD, 1.107%), accuracy (E, 6.697%), and recovery (104–112%), were all comparable to the existing spectrophotometric methods. The method’s successful application to natural water samples from manganese mining sites aligns with the reference spectrophotometric method, indicating its good selectivity and accuracy without significant influence of commonly associated interfering ions

A Nonstandard Finite Difference Scheme for Water-Related Disease Mathematical Model

In this paper, a Nonstandard Finite Difference Scheme (NSFDS) is constructed for a water-related disease mathematical model. The properties of the resulting discrete models are analysed and compared with its corresponding deterministic model. Furthermore, we compare the numerical solutions of NSDFS, Euler method and MATLAB’s ode45. It is shown that the resulting discrete model preserves essential properties of the continous model such as positivity and stability. The results are confirmed numerically. Furthermore, numerical simulations using NSFDS, Euler method and MATLAB’s ode45 give similar results