The Correlation of IL-10 expression with FoxP3 and TGFβ1 mRNA Expression.

<p>For the A) baseline (r = 0.557 <i>P</i> = 0.030), b) 7 days following vaccination (r = 0.695 P = 0.019) and C) 28 days following vaccination time points (r = 0.554 <i>P</i> = 0.048) IL-10mRNA expression correlates with FoxP3 expression. At the 28 days time point D) IL-10 mRNA also correlates with TGF-β1 mRNA expression (r = 0.642 <i>P</i> = 0.023). The volunteers with sterile protection are indicated by open circles and triangles indicate volunteers who did not enter the challenge study. Correlations were performed using Spearman's one-sided test, n = 9–12.</p

The Expression of Cytokines in CS-stimulated Cells Before and After Vaccination.

<p>Expression of IFN-γ, MIG, TGF-β1, FoxP3 and IL-10 was measured by real-time RT-PCR in total PBMCs following 12 hour culture with the vaccine antigen CS in subjects who received vaccination with RTS,S/AS02A and MVA-CS. Results are expressed as copy number relative to the housekeeping gene HPRT. Median values (9 subjects) are shown. Vac+7 =  seven days after the final vaccination, Vac+28 = 28 days after the final vaccination, each subject received two doses of RTS,S/AS02A and one dose of MVA-CS. A) IFN-g mRNA, B) MIG mRNA, C) TGF-β1 mRNA, D) FoxP3 mRNA, E) IL-10 mRNA and F) Correlation of MIG mRNA expression at day 7 with days to parasitemia following sporozoite challenge, n = 6–12.</p

Foldchange of Gene Expression at Each Timepoint in CS-Stimulated Cells Compared to Unstimulated Cells.

<p>Day 0 =  baseline prior to vaccination.</p><p>Vac+7 =  seven days after the final vaccination.</p><p>Vac+28 = 28 days after the final vaccination.</p

Inverse Correlation between Anti-inflammatory Cytokines and Antibody Response on the Day of Malaria Challenge.

<p>The anti-CS IgG antibody response on the day of malaria challenge induced by vaccination with RTS,S and MVA-CS inversely correlates with the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-10 measured in unstimulated PBMC. A) TGF-β1 at baseline inversely correlates with anti-CS IgG measured on day of challenge r = −0.644 <i>P</i> = 0.022. B) TGF-β1 at day 7 inversely correlates with anti-CS IgG measured on day of challenge, r = −0.670 <i>P</i> = 0.009. C) IL-10 mRNA at baseline inversely correlates with anti-CS IgG measured on day of challenge r  = −0.554 <i>P</i> = 0.031. D) IL-10 mRNA at day 28 inversely correlates with anti-CS IgG measured on day of challenge r = −0.762 <i>P</i> = 0.005. The volunteers with sterile protection are indicated by open circles and triangles indicate volunteers who did not enter the challenge study. Correlations were performed using Spearman's two-tailed test, n = 9–12.</p

The Expression of Cytokines in Unstimulated Cells Before and After Vaccination.

<p>Expression of IFN-γ, MIG, TGF-β1, FoxP3 and IL-10 was measured by real-time RT-PCR in total PBMCs following 12 hour culture in media only in subjects who received vaccination with RTS,S/AS02A and MVA-CS. Results are expressed as copy number relative to the housekeeping gene HPRT. Median values (6–12 subjects) are shown. Vac+7 =  seven days after the final vaccination, Vac+28 = 28 days after the final vaccination, each subject received two doses of RTS,S/AS02A and one dose of MVA-CS. A) IFN-g mRNA, B) MIG mRNA, C) TGF-β1 mRNA, D) FoxP3 mRNA, E) IL-10 mRNA and F) Correlation of MIG mRNA expression at day 7 with days to parasitemia following sporozoite challenge.</p

MOESM2 of High production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by maternal blood mononuclear cells is associated with reduced maternal malaria but increased cord blood infection

Additional file 2. Correlations among cytokines and chemokines secreted by cord blood mononuclear cells in culture supernatants

MOESM1 of High production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by maternal blood mononuclear cells is associated with reduced maternal malaria but increased cord blood infection

Additional file 1. Combination between the presence of peripheral, placental and cord malaria infections as well as with placental inflammation

MOESM5 of High production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by maternal blood mononuclear cells is associated with reduced maternal malaria but increased cord blood infection

Additional file 5. Correlations between cytokines and chemokines produced by blood mononuclear cells

MOESM3 of High production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by maternal blood mononuclear cells is associated with reduced maternal malaria but increased cord blood infection

Additional file 3. Correlations among mRNA cytokines produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells