Pelagic Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Southern Ocean between 150°E and 115°E

Twenty species of pelagic shrimps from deep waters from off southern Australia to the Antarctic Ocean are described. One species, Gennadas kempi STEBBING, is firstly recorded from the Antarctic Ocean. Pasiphaea acutifrons BATE and P. scotiae (STEBBING) are fully re-described. P. longispina LENZ and STRUNCK is synonymized with P. scotiae

Prospective study of daily low-dose nedaplatin and continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion combined with radiation for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Protracted low-dose concurrent chemotherapy combined with radiation has been proposed for enhanced treatment results for esophageal cancer. We evaluated the efficacy and the toxicity of a novel regimen of daily low-dose nedaplatin (cis-diammine-glycolatoplatinum) and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with radiation in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Between January 2003 and June 2008, 33 patients with clinical stage I to IVB esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Nedaplatin (10 mg/body/day) was administered daily and 5-FU (500 mg/body/day) was administered continuously for 20 days. Fractionated radiotherapy for a total dose of 50.4-66 Gy was administered together with chemotherapy. Additional chemotherapy with nedaplatin and 5-FU was optionally performed for a maximum of 5 courses after chemoradiotherapy. The primary end-point of this study was to evaluate the tumor response, and the secondary end-points were to evaluate the toxicity and the overall survival.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty-two patients (72.7%) completed the regimen of chemoradiotherapy. Twenty patients (60.6%) achieved a complete response, 10 patients (30.3%) a partial response. One patient (3.0%) had a stable disease, and 2 (6.1%) a progressive disease. The overall response rate was 90.9% (95% confidence interval: 75.7%-98.1%). For grade 3-4 toxicity, leukopenia was observed in 75.8% of the cases, thrombocytopenia in 24.2%, anemia in 9.1%, and esophagitis in 36.4%, while late grade 3-4 cardiac toxicity occurred in 6.1%. Additional chemotherapy was performed for 26 patients (78.8%) and the median number of courses was 3 (range, 1-5). The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 83.9%, 76.0% and 58.8%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 94.7% and 88.4% in patients with T1-3 M0 disease, and 66.2% and 55.2% in patients with T4/M1 disease.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The treatment used in our study may yield a high complete response rate and better survival for each stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00197444</p

LATITUDINAL VARIATION OF THE NUMBER OF MUSCLE FIBRES IN SALPA THOMPSONI (TUNICATA, THALIACEA) IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE VALIDITY OF THE SPECIES SALPA GERLACHEI (Ninth Symposium on Polar Biology)

The latitudinal variation is of common occurrence in epiplanktonic species with a wide north-south distribution. In Salpidae this phenomenon has been observed in the number of fibres of the body muscles, which is uniform in all tropical-temperate water species. Nevertheless, up to now it has not been observed in species restricted to the Southern Ocean. In this paper we discuss the existence of latitudinal variation in Salpa thompsoni, which is widely distributed and the most abundant salp species in the Southern Ocean. The number of muscle fibres of both aggregate and solitary forms of S. thompsoni showed a maximum at about 56°S and decreased gradually towards the higher latitudes. Body length varied latitudinally the same as the fibre numbers did. In the high latitudes of the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean, S. thompsoni is replaced by a sibling species, Salpa gerlachei. These two species differ only biometrically in fibre numbers per muscle band, being less in S. gerlachei. However, a broad overlap in the range of muscle fibre numbers was found between the two species. The present results suggest that these two species are synonymous and S. thompsoni is distributed with a clinal variation from the north to the south

COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FILTERING STRUCTURE OF FIVE SPECIES OF EUPHAUSIA (EUPHAUSIACEA, CRUSTACEA) FROM THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN (Ninth Symposium on Polar Biology)

Morphology of the filtering apparatus, in particular mesh size and filtering area, of five Euphausla species was investigated. Mesh sizes and filtering areas were measured utilizing an SEM. Among adult krill the filtering areas vary from 17.7 mm^2 in E. frigida to 276.8 mm^2 in E. superba. By applying sieve hypothesis, it is proposed that the presumptive lower limits of filterable particle sizes based on the morphology of fine filter meshes range 2-3 μm in E. superba, 8-11 μm in E. vallentini, 15-19 μm in E. frigida, 16-23 μm in E. crystallorophias and 27-39 μm in E. triacantha. In E. superba, the filter mesh sizes do not increase considerably with growth. In E. triacantha, the mean secondary setal distances increase from 28-37 μm to 41-56 μm. Species can be grouped according to the mesh sizes and filtering area; i) fine mesh filter feeder represented by E. superba; ii) medium mesh filter feeders such as E. vallentini, E. crystallorophias and E. frigida; and iii) coarse mesh filter feeder, E. triacantha. Potential food size spectra of these Euphausia species are discussed

Oceanographic conditions of the Australasian sector of the Southern Ocean in the summer of 1983-84

Oceanographic conditions were examined along two meridional sections of 150 and 115°E in the Australasian sector of the Southern Ocean during the summer of 1983-84. Three major oceanic fronts were identified in these sections, i.e., the Subtropical Convergence, the Subantarctic Front and the Polar Front. The vertical features of these fronts were identified by temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and some nutrient salts. The Subtropical Convergence was at 47°S along 150°E and 43.5°S along 115°E. The Subantarctic Front was at 49°S along 150°E and 47.5°S along 115°E. The Polar Front was at 56.5°S along 150°E and 55°S along 115°E. The geostrophic flow relative to 2000db was calculated for both sections. The maximum valocity was 18cm/s at the surface between 45 and 47.5°S along 115°E. The direction of the flow was mainly eastward for both sections. The volume transport was about 88×(10)^6m^3/s between 45 and 65°S along 150°E and 105×(10)^6m^3/s between 40 and 65°S along 115°E

(Around the World Expedition) Synthetic and global studies of major oceans in the world

航海番号: KH-89-2 ; 航海日程: October 27, 1989 - March 5, 199

Size structure of phytoplankton carbon and primary production in the Southern Ocean south of Australia during the summer of 1983-84

The size structure of phytoplankton carbon content and primary production were examined in the upper 125-m water column in the Southern Ocean south of Australia during the summer of 1983-84. At the surface, total phytoplankton carbon was 13.8±1.6μg/l in the Subantarctic Ocean and 45.6±27.4μg/l in the Antarctic Ocean. Phytoplankton in the 8 to 16-μm size class accounted for a large portion of phytoplankton carbon in the Subantarctic Ocean, whereas >64-μm forms were dominant in the Antarctic Ocean. The mean primary production was 0.952mgC/m^3/h in the Subantarctic Ocean and 0.400 in the Antarctic Ocean; the >20-μm fraction accounted for a major part of the total production in both areas. Geographically, both phytoplankton carbon and primary production in the small cell size classes (16 and >5μm, respectively) which were composed mainly of diatoms varied largely, determining the magnitude of the total values. Such large variation of biomass in netplankton as found in the surface water was also found down to the 125-m depth at all stations investigated. The importance of netplankton as primary producers in the Southern Ocean was discussed