Impacts and Losses Caused By the Fraudulent and Manipulated Financial Information on Economic Decisions

Nowadays the effects of the fraudulent and manipulated financial information have been more controversial. We should take into consideration that the financial losses caused by fraudulent or manipulated financial information are remarkable. Preventing the fraud in the financial information has been an important issue by auditors all over the world. As the American economy is the dominant economy may cause and affect the capital market mostly all over the world. In the last decade we can see the financial losses caused by the fraudulent and manipulated financial information rather big. Today’s world has been affected by frauds and manipulation of the financial information. An investment decision based on false financial information causes the investors to suffer losses as was experienced in Enron and WorldCom cases. Financial information has, certainly, an important positive or negative effect in economic decisions. Positive or negative effects of financial information on economic decisions depend on reliability of the financial information. This paper aims to show the impacts of fraudulent on the financial information, effects on economic decision and what we should do for preventing the fraudulent or manipulation on the financial information.Financial information, fraudulent, manipulation, decision.

FAMILY-OWNED BUSINESS IN ROMANIA

An average annual rate of growth of 6.92% during 2002-2008 has ensured the gradual decrease in the gap between Romania and other EU member states. Key economic indicators are shown in Table 1. The main growth factor for this period has been the domestic demand. Having grown at a steady pace for several years, EU-27 value added generally peaked in the first quarter of 2008. Output fell by 16.6 % for industry to reach a low in the second quarter of 2009 (with modest signs of a recovery thereafter in the second half of 2009, (Eurostat, 2010). The European economy is in the midst of the deepest recession since the 1930s, with real GDP projected to shrink by some 4% in 2009, the sharpest contraction in the history of the European Union. Although signs of improvement have appeared recently, recovery remains uncertain and fragile (European Communities, 2009)."

FINANCIAL INFORMATION, EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION ON ECONOMIC DECISION

Financial information has, indisputably, an important effect in economics. To form an effective capital market, financial information must be reliable and accurate. Misleading financial information always has a negative impact on economic decision taken by users. It is known that financial information as the cornerstone of financial markets, can improve economic performance in several ways. Nowadays we are facing economic crisis due to irregularities of presentation of financial statements to users. Misunderstandings cause economic recession. Detection of fraudulent financial information, is an important issue facing the auditing profession. Currently, bankruptcy of companies around the world, leaves millions of people without jobs, this is caused by financial information which is manipulated by companies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of errors and manipulation committed in the financial information sector on the real economy. Also one of the purposes of this paper is to analyze error and fraud in financial statements how it effects the real economy and the reasons for committing fraud in financial statements. Also, several suggestions are included in this study about actions that can be taken to prevent errors and manipulation in financial information

RATIONAL APPROACH FOR THE EFFECTS AND IMPACTS OF FINANCIAL CRISIS IN THE SELECTED DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CAUSED BY THE FRAUDULENT AND MANIPULATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Nowadays the financial crisis is in the news more than it never was before. We must accept that the world face an immense financial crisis. In this decade, financial crises raised significantly caused by the fraudulent and manipulated financial information. Suggestions, discussion, recommendations, bailouts to the insolvency countries relieve the pain a little bit but do not close the wound.This causes the damage of the public trust on financial information produced by the companies` managers. The financial information must provide to the financial information users; accurate, reliable and correct information in order to invest in necessary areas of the economy. Otherwise real economy, indisputably, will be affected by fraudulent and manipulated financial information.This paper attempts to monitor, explain and find out the causes of the effects and damages of financial crisis on countries` economies caused by the fraudulent and manipulated financial information.This study also investigates the reasons for losing the public trust in the financial market. Macroeconomic data is given for developed and developing countries to highlight the importance of the financial information in the real economy

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)