The effect of five kinds of surface treatment agents on the bond strength to various ceramics with thermocycle aging

This study evaluated the effects of ceramic surface treatment agents on shear bond strengths to ceramic materials with and without thermocycling. Ceramic plates were prepared from feldspathic ceramic; AAA, lithium disilicate ceramic material; IPS e.max Press, zirconia ceramic; Lava. Ceramic surfaces were pretreated with one of five surface treatment agents (Clearfil PhotoBond mixed with Porcelainbond activator (PB), Clearfil SE One mixed with Porcelainbond activator (SO), Ceramic Primer (CP), Universal Primer (UP), Scotchbond Universal (SU)), and then a resin cement (Clapearl DC) was filled. After 0, 5,000, and 10,000 thermocycles, micro-shear bond strengths between ceramic-cement interfaces were determined. SU exhibited significantly lower initial bond strength to AAA and e.max than PB, SO, CP, and UP. For Lava, PB, SO, CP and SU exhibited higher initial bond strengths than UP. Thermocycles reduced bond strengths to all the ceramic materials with any surface treatment.</p

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice-4

M + olmesartan medoxomil 1 mg/kg group. Increased fibrosis with definite damage to the lung structure and formation of small fibrous masses were partially observed. (c) BLM + PD 5 mg/kg group. Increased fibrosis with definite damage to the lung structure and formation of small fibrous masses were partially observed. (d) Control group. The normal alveolar structure is visible. (Azan-Mallory × 40)<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/9/1/43</p><p>Respiratory Research 2008;9(1):43-43.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2409315.</p><p></p

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice-1

*p < 0.05.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/9/1/43</p><p>Respiratory Research 2008;9(1):43-43.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2409315.</p><p></p

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice-5

*p < 0.05.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/9/1/43</p><p>Respiratory Research 2008;9(1):43-43.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2409315.</p><p></p

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice-0

M + olmesartan medoxomil 1 mg/kg group. Increased fibrosis with definite damage to the lung structure and formation of small fibrous masses were partially observed. (c) BLM + PD 5 mg/kg group. Increased fibrosis with definite damage to the lung structure and formation of small fibrous masses were partially observed. (d) Control group. The normal alveolar structure is visible. (Azan-Mallory × 40)<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/9/1/43</p><p>Respiratory Research 2008;9(1):43-43.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2409315.</p><p></p