5,531 research outputs found
Magnetohydrodynamic Model of Equatorial Plasma Torus in Planetary Nebulae
Some basic structures in planetary nebulae are modeled as self-organized
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma configurations with radial flow. These
configurations are described by time self-similar dynamics, where space and
time dependences of each physical variable are in separable form. Axisymmetric
toroidal MHD plasma configuration is solved under the gravitational field of a
central star of mass . With an azimuthal magnetic field, this self-similar
MHD model provides an equatorial structure in the form of an axisymmetric torus
with nested and closed toroidal magnetic field lines. In the absence of an
azimuthal magnetic field, this formulation models the basic features of bipolar
planetary nebulae. The evolution function, which accounts for the time
evolution of the system, has a bounded and an unbounded evolution track
governed respectively by a negative and positive energy density constant .Comment: 14 figure
Gender and conversational dominance in Japanese conversation
A number of studies have been conducted on "dominance" as reflected in spoken interactional features, most of which deal with English. Many of these studies adopt a quantitative approach, examining the amount and distribution of interactional features such as amount of talk, interruptions and overlaps, turn-taking, questions, and topic initiations, and they have drawn conclusions on "dominance" accordingly. The present study explores gender dominance in conversation by analyzing conversational data from eight Japanese dyads by integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses. The quantitative analysis of two dimensions of conversational dominance, sequential dominance and participatory dominance, does not show any obvious gender dominance; however, the qualitative analysis of three of the dyads finds a clear pattern of male speakers' self-oriented conversational style, which is manifested in their storytelling and claiming expertise, and this is supported by female speakers' other-oriented conversational style. Gender dominance therefore is seen as a mutual construction. The conclusion discusses the importance of integrating findings from both quantitative and qualitative analyses in situated contexts to deepen understanding of the complexity of gender dominance.published_or_final_versio
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