An Analysis on Selection for High-Resolution Approximations in Many-Objective Optimization

This work studies the behavior of three elitist multi- and many-objective evolutionary algorithms generating a high-resolution approximation of the Pareto optimal set. Several search-assessment indicators are defined to trace the dynamics of survival selection and measure the ability to simultaneously keep optimal solutions and discover new ones under different population sizes, set as a fraction of the size of the Pareto optimal set.Comment: apperas in Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN XIII, Ljubljana : Slovenia (2014

ヨウ素過剰摂取による一過性甲状腺機能異常

Iodine deficiency affects almost one billion of people worldwide, and is by far the leading cause of hypothyroidism. Japan is unique in that there are no single patients with hypothyroidism due to nutritional iodine deficiency. Thyroid abnormalities induced by excessive iodine intake, however, is not infrequent in Japan. We report here a case of young woman with severe hypothyroidism. Symptoms such as weight gain, edema, amenorrhea, and constipation were accompanied. She had habitual excessive iodine intake, with the cessation of which her thyroid abnormalities as well as her symptoms subsided. Iodine exerts biphasic effects on the thyroid gland. Its deficiency results in diminished thyroid hormone synthesis ; hence hypothyroidism, since thyroid hormones are iodine-containing amino acids. Its excess inhibits practically all functional aspects of thyroid gland ; iodine uptake from circulation, thyroid hormone synthesis, and its secretion to bloodstream. What makes the matter more perplexing is the fact that the detrimental effect of excess iodine is much more likely to occur in those with pre-existing thyroid disease, even in the mild form. Furthermore, every one or two women out of ten have thyroid diseases such as chronic thyroiditis. Thus supplementation with iodine is by no means encouraged in Japan. Dietitians must be aware of the unique feature of iodine status in Japan

Long-term histological comparison between near-infrared irradiated skin and scar tissues

Yohei Tanaka1,2, Kiyoshi Matsuo1, Shunsuke Yuzuriha11Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; 2Clinica Tanaka Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Anti-aging Center, Matsumoto, JapanBackground and objective: Our previous histological studies indicated that near-infrared (NIR) irradiation stimulates collagen proliferation in rat and human skin for 3 months. High collagen density in the dermis and smoothing of the epidermis were observed in irradiated rat skin, and appeared to last up to 6 months. Epidermal smoothness in irradiated rat skin seems to resemble scarring. Here, we performed a long-term histological comparison between NIR (1100 to 1800 nm) irradiated skin and scar tissues.Materials and methods: Rat skin was irradiated using a NIR device. Scar tissues were harvested from wounded areas and were compared with irradiated skin. Histological changes up to 180 days post-treatment were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin, Azan-Mallory staining, and collagen type I and III staining.Results: In nonirradiated control skin, the dermis showed a low density of type I and III collagen, the surface of the epidermis was rough, and no significant changes were observed over time. In irradiated skin, both type I and III collagen increased significantly, and persisted up to 180 days. The density of type I collagen was significantly higher than that of type III collagen, whereas type I and III collagen of the control group did not differ significantly. Epidermis was thickened for 30 days, and epidermal smoothness persisted up to 180 days. In scar tissues, the density of type III collagen was higher than that of type I collagen. The number of fibroblasts remained high and the glial fibrils were dense until 180 days after injury compared with irradiated skin. Significant increases in both type I and III collagen and epidermal flattering persisted until 180 days.Conclusions: NIR irradiation induced high collagen density in the dermis, resulting in long-term epidermal smoothness without scar formation. Results indicated that NIR irradiation provides safe, consistent, and long-term effects of skin rejuvenation.Keywords: near-infrared irradiation, long-term effects, collagen, scar, skin rejuvenatio