692 research outputs found
A Mathematical Model for Estimating Biological Damage Caused by Radiation
We propose a mathematical model for estimating biological damage caused by
low-dose irradiation. We understand that the Linear Non Threshold (LNT)
hypothesis is realized only in the case of no recovery effects. In order to
treat the realistic living objects, our model takes into account various types
of recovery as well as proliferation mechanism, which may change the resultant
damage, especially for the case of lower dose rate irradiation. It turns out
that the lower the radiation dose rate, the safer the irradiated system of
living object (which is called symbolically "tissue" hereafter) can have
chances to survive, which can reproduce the so-called dose and dose-rate
effectiveness factor (DDREF).Comment: 22 pages, 6 Figs, accepted in Journal of the Physical Society of
Japa
In VIVO anti-tumor activities of gelatin
Aim: As reported previously, porcine skin gelatin exerted direct anti-tumor effect in vitro and induced anti-tumor peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The present study investigated whether or not the gelatin exerted anti-tumor effect in vivo. Methods: In vitro anti-tumor activities of peritoneal macrophages and the gelatin were evaluated with tritium thymidine uptake by target tumor cells. In vivo anti-tumor activity was evaluated with the survival of tumor-bearing animals and the size of the tumor. Results: Intraperitoneal daily administration of 12.5 mg of the gelatin prolonged the survival of mice which had been intraperitoneally inoculated with MH134 (hepatic cell carcinoma cell line) or Colon 26 (colon carcinoma cell line) tumor cells, and there were no tumors in case of MH134 cells inoculation. Intraperitoneal daily administration of 12.5 mg of the gelatin did not affect growth of subcutaneous MH134 tumor. The gelatin administered subcutaneously did not affect the survival of mice with intraperitoneal MH134 tumor. On the other hand, bovine skin gelatin administered subcutaneously achieved statistically significant prolongation of the survival. The contact of MH134 cells with porcine skin gelatin for 5 min was required for the gelatin to exert its anti-tumor activity in vitro. Porcine skin gelatin of 12.5 mg injected intraperitoneally was detected as protein in the peritoneal cavity 5 min after the injection. Peritoneal macrophages elicited by intraperitoneal injection with porcine skin gelatin suppressed tritium thymidine uptake by MH134 cells more strongly than those elicited by thioglycollate injection. Conclusion: Porcine skin gelatin administered intraperitoneally prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice via activation of peritoneal macrophages and involvement of direct anti-tumor activity of porcine skin gelatin. Key Words: porcine skin, gelatin, dissemination
Serum factors that suppress cytotoxic effect of methotrexate
To study the phenomenon that human erythroid leukemia K-562 cells are more sensitive to cytotoxic effect of antimetabolites when cultured in a serum-free medium than in a conventional medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS). Methods: Cytotoxic effects of methotrexate, azaserine and 5-fluorouracil were estimated by accessing the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of viable tumor cells. Proteins of FCS were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry analysis. Results: Addition of 10% FCS attenuated anti-tumor activity of methotrexate and azaserine against K-562 cells compared with serum-free medium. Such an activity of FCS was different for each serum lot. Comparison of the proteins in active serum lot with those in not active one using two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that in the active serum there were proteins 150 kDa, which were absent in the not active serum lot. Mass spectrometry indicated that all those proteins had the amino acid sequence of albumin. Sera of one healthy volunteer and two patients with thyroid cancer also attenuated the activity of the agent. Conclusion: Several lots of FCS and human serum demonstrated the ability to attenuate the cytotoxic effect of methotrexate in vitro, possibly due to the formation of albumin dimers/MTX complexes
Anti-tumor activity of murine peritoneal macrophages induced by porcine skin gelatin
Aim: To study the induction of anti-tumor activity of murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro by porcine skin gelatin. Methods: Anti-tumor activity of the macrophages was evaluated with tritium thymidine uptake by target tumor cells. ELISA was used to measure amounts of cytokines secreted in culture medium. Results: The ability of the gelatin to induce anti-tumor activity of the macrophages was stronger than that of lipopolysaccharide of E. coli. Combination of the lipopolysaccharide and interferon-g synergistically stimulated the macrophages but that of the gelatin and interferon-g additionally did. The culture supernatant of the macrophages incubated with the gelatin also showed higher anti-tumor activity than that with the lipopolysaccharide though the lipopolysaccharide was more excellent than the gelatin in stimulating secretion of anti-tumor cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a, IFN-g) by the macrophages. Anti-TNF-a antibody partially suppressed the anti-tumor activity of the culture supernatant of the macrophages incubated with the lipopolysaccharide but not with the gelatin. The gelatin induced anti-tumor activity of the macrophages of C3H/HeJ as well as C3H/HeN mice whereas the lipopolysaccharide did only in C3H/HeN mice. The macrophages stimulated in vitro by the gelatin exerted anti-tumor activity in vivo. Moreover, the gelatin stimulated peritoneal exudates cells in vivo when subcutaneously administered with them. Conclusions: Porcine skin gelatin induces anti-tumor activity of macrophages in mice and its magnitude is greater than that of lipopolysaccharide of E. coli. Its mechanism is different from that of the lipopolysaccharide but not fully clarified.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ in vitro ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ-ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ELISA. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ:
cΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π°
E. coli. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π°-Ξ³ (IFN-Ξ³) ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ IFN-Ξ³. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π°, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-Ξ±, IFN-Ξ³) ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² TNF-Ξ± ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Ρ
ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ C3H/HeJ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ C3H/
HeN, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ C3H/HeN ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ in vitro,
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ in vivo. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ°
in vivo ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ E. coli. ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ
A New Possibility of Dynamical Study on Solid State Ionic Materials by Inelastic Neutron Scattering
A new technique of inelastic neutron scattering measurement utilizing the multiple incident energies is applied to the dynamical study of vitreous silica. A wide variety of extracted information from a series of two-dimensional maps of dynamical structure factor with multiple different incident energies are greatly valuable. The applicability and its expected contribution of new experimental technique into the further progress of scientific activities in solid state ionic materials are discussed.Received: 30 September 2010; Revised: 25 October 2010; Accepted: 26 October 201
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