Uchapan YAB Dato Menteri Besar Kedah dalam Majlis Perhimpunan Muhibbah di Pekan Jeniang pada 4.4.1970 jam 9.40 malam.

Pada malam ini tuan2 dan puan2 berhimpun beramai2 di Padang Najlis Tempatan Jeniang ILJeniang ini datang dari jauh dekat, lelaki ·perumpuan, tua dan muda, berdukong berkilek semua-nya saya rasa ada-lah dengan tujuan yang sama ia-itu menyambut seruan ahli2 J'Kuasa Muhibbah di-sini, sambil bersuka2 merayakan suatu perhimpunan yang tidak pernah di-adakan dulu-nya yang di-beri nama perayaan Muhibbah

Iatrogenic trauma following percutaneous and minimally invasive surgical interventions

Technological progress has changed the landscape of surgical practice. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and percutaneous interventions (PC) are constantly replacing open procedures. This reduces hospital stay and allows quicker recovery. The application of MIS should follow the good medical practice dictum by Hippocrates i.e. First do no harm . To remain abreast with new procedures, the medical personnel are required to update and enhance their knowledge and skill. To ensure safety, the innovations are rigorously tested and tried. The learning curve of MIS is shortened by simulator training and proctorship. Credentialing processes are in place to enhance safe delivery of care. Despite of all these measures MIS and PCI are associated with adverse effects. The purpose of this article is to overview the iatrogenic trauma associated with MIS and PCI in major surgical subspecialties

Immunohistochemical study of p16INK4A and survivin expressions in cervical squamous neoplasm.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer affecting Malaysian women. Despite the implementation of pap smear screening, many women are still diagnosed only in the advanced stage of cervical cancer. This could partly be due to failure of detection of its precursor lesions; hence the need to search for novel biomarkers to assist in the screening and diagnosis of cervical neoplasia. This study aims to determine the expression of p16 INK4A and survivin as possible predictive biomarkers in cervical squamous neoplasm. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study on 201 cases of cervical neoplasm comprising of 129 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 72 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). All samples were evaluated by two independent observers using p16INK4A and survivin monoclonal antibodies. The p16INK4A expression was graded as negative, focal and diffuse positivity. The intensity for survivin expression was graded as weak, moderate and intense. Results: It is seen that p16INK4A expression in CIN 1, CIN 2 and CIN 3 were 25.4%, 42.9% and 95.9% respectively. Majority of SCC (98.6%) showed p16INK4A expression. Survivin expressions in CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and SCC were 56.7%, 33.4%, 87.5% and 98.6%. There was a linear relationship between increasing grade of CIN and p16INK4A expressions. Conclusion: Our study showed that p16INK4A expressions correlate well with the increasing grade of CIN. Although survivin does not correlate well to the increasing grade of CIN, it could be useful in differentiating CIN 3 from SCC

Synthesis and Characterization of 2D-WS2 Incorporated Polyaniline Nanocomposites as Photo Catalyst for Methylene Blue Degradation

2D-WS2 incorporated polyaniline nanocomposites (WS2-PANI) with varying WS2 loadings were synthesized by a facile in situ oxidative polymerization technique which effectively promoted photocatalytic waste-water remediation using methylene blue (MB) as the probe molecules. The physicochemical properties of WS2-PANI (1–5) nanocomposites were investigated using multifarious techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, BET surface area, TGA, FESEM, and HRTEM. An electron microscopy analysis that was performed using HRTEM analysis confirm the layered structure of WS2 with periodic planes (100) separated by 0.27 nm. The photocatalytic performance of the WS2-PANI (1–5) for MB degradation performed under UV photo irradiation clearly showed that 2 wt.% WS2-PANI outperformed other variants with 93% degradation MB within 90 min. Furthermore, the catalytic material was reusable for five cycles without a significant loss of the catalytic performance

Role of Alkylamines in Tuning the Morphology and Optical Properties of SnS₂ Nanoparticles Synthesized by via Facile Thermal Decomposition Approach

The present study reported the synthesis of SnS2 nanoparticles by using a thermal decomposition approach using tin chloride and thioacetamide in diphenyl ether at 200 °C over 60 min. SnS2 nanoparticles with novel morphologies were prepared by the use of different alkylamines (namely, octylamine (OCA), dodecylamine (DDA), and oleylamine (OLA)), and their role during the synthesis was explored in detail. The synthesized SnS2 nanostructures were characterized using an array of analytical techniques. The XRD results confirmed the formation of hexagonal SnS2, and the crystallite size varied from 6.1 nm to 19.0 nm and from 2.5 to 8.8 nm for (100) and (011) reflections, respectively. The functional group and thermal analysis confirmed the presence of organics on the surface of nanoparticles. The FE-SEM results revealed nanoparticles, nanoplates, and flakes assembled into flower-like morphologies when dodecylamine, octylamine, and oleylamine were used as capping agents, respectively. The analysis of optical properties showed the variation in the bandgap and the concentration of surface defects on the SnS2 nanoparticles. The role of alkylamine as a capping agent was explored and discussed in detail in this paper and the mechanism for the evolution of different morphologies of SnS2 nanoparticles was also proposed

Kinetic and Isothermal Investigations on the Use of Low Cost Coconut Fiber-Polyaniline Composites for the Removal of Chromium from Wastewater

Pollution due to various heavy metals is increasing at an alarming rate. Removal of hexavalent chromium from the environment is a significant and challenging issue due to its toxic effects on the ecosystem. Development of a low-cost adsorbent with better adsorption efficiency is presently required. In this study, waste coconut fibers (CF) were used to prepare its composite with polyaniline (PANI) via in-situ oxidation. The obtained composites with varying loading of PANI (15, 25, 50, and 75% w/w) were characterized by FE-SEM, TGA, and FTIR spectroscopy. The prepared composites were evaluated for their adsorption performance for removal of Cr(VI). It was concluded that the composite with 50% w/w polyaniline loading on coconut fiber exhibited a maximum adsorption efficiency of 93.11% in 30 min. The effect of pH, dosage, and concentration of the aqueous solution of chromium on the Cr(VI) adsorption efficiency of the composite was also studied. From the optimization studies it was observed that the absorbents exhibited the best adsorption response for Cr(VI) removal with 0.25 mg/mL adsorbent at pH 4, in 30 min. The effect of pH, dosage, and concentration of the aqueous solution of chromium on the Cr(VI) adsorption efficiency of the composite was also studied. This study highlights the application of low-cost adsorbent as a potential candidate for the removal of hexavalent chromium. A detailed study on the adsorption kinetics and isothermal analysis was conducted for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using coconut fiber-polyaniline composite. From the kinetic investigation, the adsorption was found to follow the pseudo second order model. The data obtained were best fitted to the Elovich model confirming the chemisorption of the Cr(VI) on coconut polymer composites. The analysis of the isothermal models indicated monolayer adsorption based on the Langmuir adsorption model

Hydrogel-Based Adsorbent Material for the Effective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review

Water is a vital resource that is required for social and economic development. A rapid increase in industrialization and numerous anthropogenic activities have resulted in severe water contamination. In particular, the contamination caused by heavy metal discharge has a negative impact on human health and the aquatic environment due to the non-biodegradability, toxicity, and carcinogenic effects of heavy metals. Thus, there is an immediate need to recycle wastewater before releasing heavy metals into water bodies. Hydrogels, as potent adsorbent materials, are a good contenders for treating toxic heavy metals in wastewater. Hydrogels are a soft matter formed via the cross-linking of natural or synthetic polymers to develop a three-dimensional mesh structure. The inherent properties of hydrogels, such as biodegradability, swell-ability, and functionalization, have made them superior applications for heavy metal removal. In this review, we have emphasized the recent development in the synthesis of hydrogel-based adsorbent materials. The review starts with a discussion on the methods used for recycling wastewater. The discussion then shifts to properties, classification based on various criteria, and surface functionality. In addition, the synthesis and adsorption mechanisms are explained in detail with the understanding of the regeneration, recovery, and reuse of hydrogel-based adsorbent materials. Therefore, the cost-effective, facile, easy to modify and biodegradable hydrogel may provide a long-term solution for heavy metal removal

Development of Biocompatible Polyhydroxyalkanoate/Chitosan-Tungsten Disulphide Nanocomposite for Antibacterial and Biological Applications

The unique structures and multifunctionalities of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as graphene, have aroused increasing interest in the construction of novel scaffolds for biomedical applications due to their biocompatible and antimicrobial abilities. These two-dimensional materials possess certain common features, such as high surface areas, low cytotoxicities, and higher antimicrobial activities. Designing suitable nanocomposites could reasonably improve therapeutics and reduce their adverse effects, both medically and environmentally. In this study, we synthesized a biocompatible nanocomposite polyhydroxyalkanoate, chitosan, and tungsten disulfide (PHA/Ch-WS2). The nanocomposite PHA/Ch-WS2 was characterized by FESEM, elemental mapping, FTIR, and TGA. The objective of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of PHA/Ch-WS2 nanocomposites through the time–kill method against the multi-drug-resistant model organisms Escherichia coli (E. coli) K1 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Further, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the PHA/Ch-WS2 nanocomposite using HaCaT cell lines by using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The results demonstrated very significant bactericidal effects of the PHA/Ch-WS2 nanocomposite, and thus, we hypothesize that the nanocomposite would feasibly suit biomedical and sanitizing applications without causing any adverse hazard to the environment

Comprehensive Review on Zeolite-Based Nanocomposites for Treatment of Effluents from Wastewater

All humans and animals need access to clean water in their daily lives. Unfortunately, we are facing water scarcity in several places around the world, and, intentionally or unintentionally, we are contaminating the water in a number of ways. The rise in population, globalization, and industrialization has simultaneously given rise to the generation of wastewater. The pollutants in wastewater, such as organic contaminants, heavy metals, agrochemicals, radioactive pollutants, etc., can cause various ailments as well as environmental damage. In addition to the existing pollutants, a number of new pollutants are now being produced by developing industries. To address this issue, we require some emerging tools and materials to remove effluents from wastewater. Zeolites are the porous aluminosilicates that have been used for the effective pollutant removal for a long time owing to their extraordinary adsorption and ion-exchange properties, which make them available for the removal of a variety of contaminants. However, zeolite alone shows much less photocatalytic efficiency, therefore, different photoactive materials are being doped with zeolites to enhance their photocatalytic efficiency. The fabrication of zeolite-based composites is emerging due to their powerful results as adsorbents, ion-exchangers, and additional benefits as good photocatalysts. This review highlights the types, synthesis and removal mechanisms of zeolite-based materials for wastewater treatment with the basic knowledge about zeolites and wastewater along with the research gaps, which gives a quality background of worldwide research on this topic for future developments

Chemical sintering of TiO2 based photoanode for efficient dye sensitized solar cells using Zn nanoparticles

Recombination reactions due to poor inter-particle contact at lower temperatures (< 450 °C) is a bottle neck for cost effective flexible dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this study, TiO2sintering to Coble initial stage at low temperatures has been achieved with low melting point zinc (Zn) metal nanoparticles. Zn nanoparticles showed improved inter-particle contact by formation of necks due to high surface diffusion at relatively lower temperatures (200 °C). Addition of Zn nanoparticles showed comparable, rather improved efficiency at 200 °C compared to reference TiO2photoanode fabricated at 450 °C due to neck formation and surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) effect. Morphological studies revealed high contact formation between TiO2 and Zn nanoparticles. Electrochemical impedance and Uv–vis spectroscopy showed improvements in charge transfer and light absorption activity respectively. Structural studies showed no any detectable change in phase due to high surface diffusion and capillary forces produced by Zn nanoparticles at the TiO2/Zn interface