Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow heat transfer in a high Taylor number test rig

As technology advances, rotating machinery is becoming smaller and operating at higher rotational speeds, with increased pressure and heat concentration. This combination of factors increases structural stresses, while increasing the risk of temperature sensitive components overheating. To properly protect these components, such as bearings and seals, and reduce structural stresses, it is necessary to have accurately designed thermal management systems with wellunderstood heat transfer characteristics. Currently available heat transfer correlations operating within high Taylor number (above 1 × 1010) flow regimes are lacking. In this work, the design of a high Taylor number flow experimental test rig is presented. A non-invasive methodology, used to capture the instantaneous heat flux of the rotating body, is presented. A new correlation for Taylor numbers between 0.0 and 9.0 × 108 with air is provided using the effective Reynolds number. Capability of the test rig and methodology enables the use of high density fluids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, providing opportunity to develop correlations up to 1 × 1012 . A unique approach is presented, using the MonteCarlo method for evaluating the uncertainties in the calculated values. Data of a single test is presented for a Taylor number of 8.9 ± 1.6 × 107 and an effective Reynolds number of 3.3 ± 0.2 × 104 . This operating condition corresponded to a measured heat transfer coefficient of 3.16 ± 0.9 × 102 W/m2K and Nusselt number of 8.9± 1.6 × 101 . This level of detailed uncertainty analysis for heat transfer coefficient measurements is not present in existing literature. This paper represents the first comprehensive portrayal of uncertainty propagation in heat transfer coefficient measurements for Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille (T-C-P) flow heat transfer experiments

Mammography Services Quality Assurance: Baseline Standards for Latin America and the Caribbean

Fil: Barr, Helen. No especifíca;Fil: Blanco, Susana Alicia Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; ArgentinaFil: Butler, Priscilla. No especifíca;Fil: da Paz, María Angela. No especifíca;Fil: Fleitas, Ileana. No especifíca;Fil: Craig, George. No especifíca;Fil: Jimenez, Pablo. No especifíca;Fil: Luciani, Silvana. No especifíca;Fil: Manrique, Javier. No especifíca;Fil: Mazal, Jonathan. No especifíca;Fil: Medlen, Kayiba. No especifíca;Fil: MIller, Colie. No especifíca;Fil: Mora, Patricia. No especifíca;Fil: Valdez Moreno, Martha Elena. No especifíca;Fil: Mosodeen, Murrie. No especifíca;Fil: Mysler, Gustavo. No especifíca;Fil: Nuche-Berenguer, Bernardo. No especifíca;Fil: Pastel, Mary. No especifíca;Fil: Pinochet, Miguel. No especifíca;Fil: Sisney, Gale. No especifíca;Fil: Ruiz Trejo, Cesar. No especifíca;Fil: Saraiya, Mona. No especifíca;Fil: Solis, Esteban. No especifíca;Fil: Swann, Phillip. No especifíca

Garantía de calidad de los servicios de mamografía: Normas básicas para América Latina y el Caribe

Fil: Barr, Helen. No especifíca;Fil: Blanco, Susana Alicia Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; ArgentinaFil: Albarracín, Virginia Helena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Priscilla, Butler. No especifíca;Fil: da Paz, María Angela. No especifíca;Fil: Fleitas, Ileana. No especifíca;Fil: Jiménez, Pablo. No especifíca;Fil: Luciani, Silvana. No especifíca;Fil: Manrique, Javier. No especifíca;Fil: Mazal, Jonathan. No especifíca;Fil: Medlen, Kayiba. No especifíca;Fil: Miller, Collie. No especifíca;Fil: Mora, Patricia. No especifíca;Fil: Valdez Moreno, Martha Elena. No especifíca;Fil: Mosodeen, Murrie. No especifíca;Fil: Mysler, Gustavo. No especifíca;Fil: Nusche Berenguer, Bernardo. No especifíca;Fil: Pastel, Mary. No especifíca;Fil: Pinochet, Miguel. No especifíca;Fil: Ruiz Trejo, Cesar. No especifíca;Fil: Sisney, Gale. No especifíca;Fil: Saraiya, Mona. No especifíca;Fil: Solis, Esteban. No especifíca;Fil: Swann, Phillip. No especifíca

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Rotating shaft thermal analysis for supercritical carbon dioxide radial inflow turbines

Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO) in power cycles has been shown to have high efficiencies at high temperatures. Good heat transfer properties and high power density reduce cycle complexity and component size when compared with conventional steam cycles. A key design challenge with sCO turbomachinery is the reduced size due to the high power density. This is particularly true for radial inow turbines which are currently more common in low power output applications. This results in reduced space between critical components, requiring a thermal management strategy for safe operation. This paper presents and analyses an active cooling system for the main rotor shaft in a radial inow turbine operating with sCO and utilizing sCO as the cooling fluid. A coupled thermal-fluid-structural heat transfer analysis is conducted. Predicted temperature distributions show that large temperature differences can be achieved over short lengths due to the high convective heat transfer coefficients of sCO under these flow regimes. Performance trends of the cooling system with respect to cooling fluid mass flow rate and coolant inlet temperature are presented

Examining the effect of dl-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine on the standardized field sobriety tests

dl-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine are commonly used illicit drugs that are thought to impair driving ability. The Standardized Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs) are utilized widely to detect impairment associated with drugs other than alcohol in drivers, although limited evidence concerning MDMA and methamphetamine consumption on SFST performance exists. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the SFSTs were a sensitive measure for identifying the presence of the specific isomer d -methamphetamine and MDMA. In a double-blind, within-subject, counter-balanced and placebo-controlled study, 58 healthy and abstinent recreational drugs users were administered three treatments: 100 mg of MDMA, 0.42 mg/kg d -methamphetamine, and placebo. For each condition the SFSTs were administered at 4 and 25 h post treatment. d -methamphetamine was not found to significantly impair SFST performance unlike MDMA, which significantly impaired SFST performance in comparison to placebo with 22% of the sample failing the test at the 4 h testing time-point. No differences were observed at the 25 h testing time-point for any of the conditions. It was concluded that the SFSTs are not efficient in identifying the presence of low level d -methamphetamine, and are significantly better at detecting the presence of MDMA at the levels assessed

The acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methamphetamine on driving: a simulator study

Illicit drugs such as MDMA and methamphetamine are commonly abused drugs that have also been observed to be prevalent in drivers injured in road accidents. Their exact effect on driving and driving behavior has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Sixty-one abstinent recreational users of illicit drugs comprised the participant sample, with 33 females and 28 males, mean age 25.45 years. The three testing sessions involved oral consumption of 100 mg MDMA, 0.42 mg/kg methamphetamine, or a matching placebo. The drug administration was counter-balanced, double-blind, and medically supervised. At each session driving performance was assessed 3 h and 24 h post drug administration on a computerized driving simulator. At peak concentration overall impairment scores for driving (F2,118 = 9.042, p < 0.001) and signaling (F2,118 = 4.060, p = 0.020) were significantly different for the daytime simulations. Performance in the MDMA condition was worse than both the methamphetamine (p = 0.023) and placebo (p < 0.001) conditions and the methamphetamine condition was also observed to be worse in comparison to the placebo (p = 0.055). For signaling adherence, poorer signaling adherence occurred in both the methamphetamine (p = 0.006) and MDMA (p = 0.017) conditions in comparison to placebo in the daytime simulations. The findings of this study have for the first time illustrated how both MDMA and methamphetamine effect driving performance, and provide support for legislation regarding testing for the presence of illicit drugs in impaired or injured drivers as deterrents for driving under the influence of illicit drugs

The effects of cannabis and alcohol on simulated driving: influences of dose and experience

Background: Cannabis and alcohol are the most popular drugs amongst recreational users, and most prevalent in injured and deceased drivers. Clarification of the interactive effects of these drugs upon driving behaviour is critical for reducing drug-related road deaths. Objectives: The current study had two objectives, to examine the effects of cannabis and alcohol on driving performance, and identify if any differences between the effects of cannabis and alcohol on driving performance exist between regular cannabis users and non-regular cannabis users. Methods: The project involved 80 participants (49 male, 31 female) who were abstinent recreational users of alcohol and marijuana. They participated in six experimental sessions that involved the consumption of cannabis cigarettes containing no THC, 1.8% THC or 3% THC together with the consumption of alcohol to obtain either 0% BAC, 0.03% BAC or 0.05% BAC. The six sessions were double-blind, counter-balanced, placebo-controlled and medically supervised. Forty participants were allocated to the cannabis with low alcohol (0.03% BAC) group, and 40 participants were allocated to the cannabis with high alcohol (0.05% BAC) group. Driving simulator performance was assessed at 20 min post-drug administration and blood samples were taken before and after driving. Results: Driving simulator performance was more impaired in the THC and alcohol combined conditions. Consistent with past research, the level of THC detected in blood is higher when THC is consumed with alcohol, than when cannabis is consumed alone, and regular cannabis users returned higher levels of THC in plasma than non-regular users. Generally, regular cannabis users displayed more driving errors than non-regular cannabis users

The effects of dexamphetamine on simulated driving performance

The number of road fatalities related to the presence of amphetamines in drivers has been relatively constant over the past 10 years. However, there remains uncertainty as to the extent that these drugs induce driving impairment, and whether any such impairments translate to an increase in road fatalities. This study sought to examine the acute effects of 0.42 mg/kg dexamphetamine on simulated driving performance, and to establish which, if any, simulated driving abilities become impaired following dexamphetamine administration. A repeated-measures, counter-balanced, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was employed. Twenty healthy volunteers completed two treatment conditions—0.42 mg/kg dexamphetamine and placebo. Performance was assessed using a driving simulator task. Blood and saliva samples were obtained prior to the driving tasks and immediately after task completion (120 min and 170 min post-drug administration, respectively).Mean dexamphetamine blood concentrations were 83 ng/ml and 98 ng/ml at 120 min and 170 min, respectively. Results indicated a decrease in overall simulated driving ability following dexamphetamine administration during the day-time but not the night-time scenario tasks. Contributing to this performance reduction, incorrect signalling, failing to stop at a red traffic light and slow reaction times were the behaviours most strongly affected by dexamphetamine.The decrease in simulated driving ability observed during the day-time driving tasks are consistent with the perceptual narrowing or tunnel vision that is associated with dexamphetamine consumption

The acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and d-methamphetamine on human cognitive functioning

Rationale: This study investigated the acute (3-h) and 24-h post-dose cognitive effects of oral 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), d-methamphetamine, and placebo in a within-subject double-blind laboratory-based study in order to compare the effect of these two commonly used illicit drugs on a large number of recreational drug users. Methods: Sixty-one abstinent recreational users of illicit drugs comprised the participant sample, with 33 females and 28 males, mean age 25.45 years. The three testing sessions involved oral consumption of 100 mg MDMA, 0.42 mg/kg d-methamphetamine, or a matching placebo. The drug administration was counter-balanced, double-blind, and medically supervised. Cognitive performance was assessed during drug peak (3 h) and at 24 h post-dosing time-points. Blood samples were also taken to quantify the levels of drug present at the cognitive testing time-points. Results: Blood concentrations of both methamphetamine and MDMA at drug peak samples were consistent with levels observed in previous studies. The major findings concern poorer performance in the MDMA condition at peak concentration for the trail-making measures and an index of working memory (trend level), and more accurate performance on a choice reaction task within the methamphetamine condition. Most of the differences in performance between the MDMA, methamphetamine, and placebo treatments diminished by the 24-h testing time-point, although some performance improvements subsisted for choice reaction time for the methamphetamine condition. Conclusions: Further research into the acute effects of amphetamine preparations is necessary to further quantify the acute disruption of aspects of human functioning crucial to complex activities such as attention, selective memory, and psychomotor performance