5,454 research outputs found
The Benefits of Port Liberalization: A Case Study from India
In contrast to the rest of India, where it is the government that predominantly owns and manages ports, the Indian state of Gujarat has implemented various forms of port liberalization since the 1990s. This has helped it become the country's fastest growing state. Gujarat's economy has grown at an average of 10.14 percent per year from fiscal year 2001 to fiscal year 2006, the last five years for which data are available. This is comparable with China's average growth rate since 1978, and is distinctly faster than the growth of the other Asian tigers in the 15 years before the Asian financial crisis of 1997. Gujarat has broken new ground with different forms of privatization, ranging from private provision of port services to completely private ownership of new ports. The process started in the 1980s and gathered momentum rapidly after the central government in New Delhi enacted major economic reforms in the early 1990s. Gujarat has taken advantage of a constitutional loophole to convert its minor ports into some of the biggest ports in the country, vastly improved the availability and efficiency of port infrastructure, and facilitated the development of industrial centers that otherwise would not have existed. Gujarat's port liberalization, along with its status as one of the economically freest states in India, should serve as a model for the rest of India and other developing countries, which can also benefit from the dynamic gains of port privatization
A novel user-centered design for personalized video summarization
In the past, several automatic video summarization systems had been proposed to generate video summary. However, a generic video summary that is generated based only on audio, visual and textual saliencies will not satisfy every user. This paper proposes a novel system for generating semantically meaningful personalized video summaries, which are tailored to the individual user's preferences over video semantics. Each video shot is represented using a semantic multinomial which is a vector of posterior semantic concept probabilities. The proposed system stitches video summary based on summary time span and top-ranked shots that are semantically relevant to the user's preferences. The proposed summarization system is evaluated using both quantitative and subjective evaluation metrics. The experimental results on the performance of the proposed video summarization system are encouraging
Elliptic Curve Variants of the Least Quadratic Nonresidue Problem and Linnik's Theorem
Let and be -nonisogenous, semistable
elliptic curves over , having respective conductors and
and both without complex multiplication. For each prime , denote
by the trace of Frobenius. Under the
assumption of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH) for the convolved
symmetric power -functions where , we prove an explicit result that can be stated
succinctly as follows: there exists a prime such that
and
This improves and
makes explicit a result of Bucur and Kedlaya.
Now, if is a subinterval with Sato-Tate measure and if
the symmetric power -functions are functorial and
satisfy GRH for all , we employ similar techniques to prove an
explicit result that can be stated succinctly as follows: there exists a prime
such that and
Comment: 30 page
On Logarithmically Benford Sequences
Let be an infinite subset, and let
be a sequence of nonzero real numbers indexed by
such that there exist positive constants for which
for all . Furthermore, let be defined by for each , and suppose the 's are equidistributed in with
respect to a continuous, symmetric probability measure . In this paper, we
show that if is not too sparse, then the
sequence fails to obey Benford's Law with respect
to arithmetic density in any sufficiently large base, and in fact in any base
when is a strictly convex function of . Nonetheless,
we also provide conditions on the density of
under which the sequence satisfies Benford's Law
with respect to logarithmic density in every base.
As an application, we apply our general result to study Benford's Law-type
behavior in the leading digits of Frobenius traces of newforms of positive,
even weight. Our methods of proof build on the work of Jameson, Thorner, and
Ye, who studied the particular case of newforms without complex multiplication.Comment: 10 page
Linnik's Theorem for Sato-Tate Laws on Elliptic Curves with Complex Multiplication
Let be an elliptic curve with complex multiplication (CM), and
for each prime of good reduction, let
denote the trace of Frobenius. By the Hasse bound, for a unique . In this paper, we prove that
the least prime such that
satisfies where is
the conductor of and the implied constant and exponent are absolute
and effectively computable. Our result is an analogue for CM elliptic curves of
Linnik's Theorem for arithmetic progressions, which states that the least prime
for satisfies for an absolute
constant .Comment: 11 pages; made minor modification
Tuberculosis and the immune response in children
Tuberculosis is one of the major killers in the world
today and has been described as a “global
emergency” by WHO. I n I n d i a t h e r e a r e
approximately 1 million new cases every year and
500,000 deaths. Tuberculosis also affects children
who get the infection from adults. It is important to
study the natural history, clinical manifestations and
immunological profile of children in order to diagnose
them earlier and treat them effectively
Treatment of Tuberculosis
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of tuberculosis is important in order to minimise complications and
sequale. It is important to select the proper regimen and ensure that hte patient is getting adeuqate number of
drugs for adequate duration. The principles of short course chemotherapy and the rationale behidn the currently
recommended regimens are outlined in this article. Standard (daily or intermittent) 6-month short course regimens
are sufficient to cure most forms of tuberculosis in children and only severe form slike miliary, meningitis and neurotuberculosis
require a longer duration of treatment. Worldwide, the DOTS strategy is now recommended in order to
ensure cure and cut down the transmission of disease in the community and wherever possible, should be employed
in the treatment of tuberculosis in children also
Pulmonary Function Testing in Office Practice
With the wide availability of simple to operate pulmonary function equipment, these tests
can now be performed in the office or clinic setting. The use of pulmonary function tests in the
assessment of patients with pulmonary diseases has thus expanded. These simple tests rely
on data generated from a forced expiratory vital capacity maneuver which can be performed
reliably by most children over the age of 6 or 7 years. Pulmonary function tests provide both
diagnostic and prognostic information and help in the management of a number of respiratory
diseases. The number of tests available vary with the level of sophistication of the pulmonary
function laboratory; in most situations simple spirometry is adequate. Several new and inexpensive
peak flow meters are now available for home use; these are very useful for home monitoring of
asthma patients. Physicians caring for patients with asthma or other chronic respiratory
diseases should be encouraged to use these tests routinely in the management of these children
Dynamics of circular arrangements of vorticity in two dimensions
The merger of two like-signed vortices is a well-studied problem, but in a
turbulent flow, we may often have more than two like-signed vortices
interacting. We study the merger of three or more identical co-rotating
vortices initially arranged on the vertices of a regular polygon. At low to
moderate Reynolds numbers, we find an additional stage in the merger process,
absent in the merger of two vortices, where an annular vortical structure is
formed and is long-lived. Vortex merger is slowed down significantly due to
this. Such annular vortices are known at far higher Reynolds numbers in studies
of tropical cyclones, which have been noticed to a break down into individual
vortices. In the pre-annular stage, vortical structures in a viscous flow are
found here to tilt and realign in a manner similar to the inviscid case, but
the pronounced filaments visible in the latter are practically absent in the
former. Interestingly at higher Reynolds numbers, the merger of an odd number
of vortices is found to proceed very differently from that of an even number.
The former process is rapid and chaotic whereas the latter proceeds more slowly
via pairing events. The annular vortex takes the form of a generalised
Lamb-Oseen vortex (GLO), and diffuses inwards until it forms a standard
Lamb-Oseen vortex. For lower Reynolds number, the numerical (fully nonlinear)
evolution of the GLO vortex follows exactly the analytical evolution until
merger. At higher Reynolds numbers, the annulus goes through instabilities
whose nonlinear stages show a pronounced difference between even and odd mode
disturbances. It is hoped that the present findings, that multiple vortex
merger is qualitatively different from the merger of two vortices, will
motivate studies on how multiple vortex interactions affect the inverse cascade
in two-dimensional turbulence.Comment: Abstract truncated. Paper to appear in Physical Review
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