STAT3 noncell-autonomously controls planar cell polarity during zebrafish convergence and extension

Zebrafish signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) controls the cell movements during gastrulation. Here, we show that noncell-autonomous activity of STAT3 signaling in gastrula organizer cells controls the polarity of neighboring cells through Dishevelled-RhoA signaling in the Wnt-planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway. In STAT3-depleted embryos, although all the known molecules in the Wnt-PCP pathway were expressed normally, the RhoA activity in lateral mesendodermal cells was down-regulated, resulting in severe cell polarization defects in convergence and extension movements identical to Strabismus-depleted embryos. Cell-autonomous activation of Wnt-PCP signaling by ΔN-dishevelled rescued the defect in cell elongation, but not the orientation of lateral mesendodermal cells in STAT3-depleted embryos. The defect in the orientation could be rescued by transplantation of shield cells having noncell-autonomous activity of STAT3 signaling. These results suggest that the cells undergoing convergence and extension movement may sense the gradient of signaling molecules, which are expressed in gastrula organizer by STAT3 and noncell-autonomously activate PCP signaling in neighboring cells during zebrafish gastrulation

Investigation of AC loss of permanent magnet of SPM motor considering hysteresis and eddy-current losses

NdFeB sintered magnets are widely used in rotating electrical machines. In order to develop an efficient rotating machine, it is important to estimate ac loss of the permanent magnet of rotor precisely. In this paper, the ac losses of the permanent magnet of IEEJ model (surface permanent-magnet motor model) are examined by using the three-dimensional finite-element method taking into account the newly measured hysteresis losses of permanent magnet. The result shows that we should consider not only the eddy-current loss but also the hysteresis loss, when the frequency of ac field due to a slot ripple is of the order of several hundred hertz.</p

競泳種目の記録分析 : 自由型の日本記録と世界記録の比較

The swimming records were analyzed in order to grasp the actual situation of the swimming races in Japan which has been hanging low. The means was to collect the world and the Japanese men\u27s and women\u27s records of free style events (100m-1500m) in 1978 and the records of free style events (100m, 200m, 400m) in these thurty years. Comparison of the swimming speed and distance; the connection between distance and the time required in 1978 were studied. The transition of the records between the world and the Japan in these thirty years was studied. The follwing results were obtained by analyzing the accumulated data : 1) Speed per second; The Japanese records of middle free style swimming events are much the same with the world records of long free style swimming events. 2) Decline of swimming speed with distance; Japanese women\u27s records are inferior to those of the world in every free style swimming. 3) Transition of the records of the world and the Japan in these thirty years; Japanese men\u27s records are inferior to world record, and women\u27s records are superior to world record. 4) Japanese women\u27s records in the past years show the bigger transition than the world records. 5) On the basis of above-mentioned findings, the records of the swimming in Japan has been declining rapidly since Tokyo Olympic. There is the difference of thirteen years between the records of Japanese men and those of the world men, and twelve years between the records of Japanese women and those of the world women

海浜実習における実技指導内容と実際 : 安全確保のためのマナー・仙台大学の場合

The Swimming Training Camp at Sendai College has been annualy performed since the College was opened. In this paper, methods and operations for safety precautions which students also learn are discussed in destail. As results of this study, following points were concluded. 1) Making a roll call immediately before and after swimming is the most important activity for safety precautions. 2) The most dangerous zone in swimming is the sea near the shore. 3) Entering the sea by rows of swimmers holding hands is most appropriate during bad weather conditions. 4) While swimming, roll call in the form of partner system is most effective as safety precautions. 5) The above-mentioned activities should be introduced into trainings in the swimming camp as most preferred teaching contents for safety precautions. Students also have to learn their value and train accordingly

水球競技におけるゲーム分析 : 1984年ロサンゼルス・オリンピック大会の場合

Japanese national water polo team was the eleventh in ranking in the Olympic games in Los Angeles. This means that Japanese team was exceedingly inferior to other national teams. This study intended to find the causes that had brought this differences between Japanese team and other national teams frew the investigation of the records of the Olympic games in Los Angeles in order to improve Japanese team. The following conclusions were obtained from the investigation. 1) Japanese team should improve the skill to continue passing and the formation of the team. 2) They should strengthen the point making ability in case of ejection. 3) They should have a goal keeper larger in physique with stronger defensive power. 4) They should improve the techniques of body control of the field players. 5) They should have more improved combination play of the zone defense

水球競技におけるオーバーハンドスローの動作分析

Recently, the ball handling of water polo players in Japan is changing. The former way of lifting a ball with one hand is changing to gripping it with one hand. This study analyzed the motion of gripping a ball with one hand in order to clarify its advantage in shoot throwing. A Bolex high speed camera (64 fps) was used for the measurement, and an Elmo motion analyzer was used to analyze the motion of the gripping and the lifting. The following conclusions were obtained from the data. 1) The player who can grip a ball could jump higher making use of a repellent that was gained by pushing the ball down just before he started a vertical displacement. Moreover, the horizontal distance between the ball and the head at the rear point of the backswing in group 1 was significantly longer than that in group 2. 2) The angle of the right elbow of the player who could grip a ball was larger than the player who could not. Moreover, the horizontal displacement distance of the player who could grip a ball was significantly longer. 3) In the motion after backswing no significant differences existed between the two groups. 4) On the basis of the above-mentioned results, this study suggested that the gripping a ball with one hand would increase the shooting production, because both the vertical displacement distance and the backswing motion were larger

海浜実習における基礎実施計画から実施に至るまでの過程 : 仙台大学の場合(創立25周年記念特集号-スポーツ科学の諸問題-)

This study focuses on preparation and planning of safe swimming camp and it\u27s education benefits for student participating in these camps. The result of this study is based on accumulated datas and experiences from Sendai College Swimming Camps. Through examination of past swimming camps, following conclusions were obtained. 1) When deciding on a place for the camp, safty must be of first concern and major consideration for choosing a site. 2) Rescue and first aid system for students must be very complete. 3) Students, must be divided into small groups in order to maintain decipline and self-control during non-training hours. 4) Emergency plans for ny natural disasters, high waves, storms, etc. must be carefully planned. 5) Calling of row-during and after swimming increases group action and group unity. 6) Living and training under group situation also increases human relationships among students as well as University Identity

海浜実習における実施直前の準備作業について : 仙台大学の場合(2)

At Sendai College, the educational objective has always been to develop individuals who will contribute to the society by becoming Physical Education teachers or as instructors in sports and health related fields. The swimming training camp is one of the testing grounds for how well students adapt and function in a natural environment. Students also learn the importance of safety precautions and working within a group environment. This study is concerned with operations and methods necessary for successful swimming camp. As results of this study, following points were concluded. 1) There are various areas of responsibility involved within the total preparation. This study showed that each area had different amount of workload and time necessary for completing their objectives. Conclusion was that each area has to plan separate work and time schedule since it was impossible for all the areas to follow one schedule. 2) It was critical that the work and time schedule of each area be strictly followed. There were many instances where work of one area could not begin until work by another area was completed. 3) Pretesting of swimming courses and equipments were vital to the safety and the smooth operation of the actual camp. 4) Alternate schedules for the camp should be made in case of decrease in number of participants or for bad weather conditions. This research was concerned with planning and preparations immediately preceding the actual camp. The next study following this research will examine teaching methods, management and actual operation of the camp

A simple and Useful predictive Assay for evaluating the Quality of Isolated Hepatocytes for Hepatocyte transplantation

Abstract No optimal assay for assessing isolated hepatocytes before hepatocyte transplantation (HTx) has been established, therefore reliable and rapid assays are warranted. Isolated rat hepatocytes were dipped in a water bath (necrosis model), and were also cultured with Okadaic acid (apoptosis model) or vehicle, followed by cellular assessment including trypan blue exclusion (TBE) viability, ADP /ATP ratio, plating efficiency (PE), DNA quantity and ammonia elimination. Hepatocytes were transplanted into the liver of analbuminemic rats, subsequently engraftment was assessed by serum albumin and the histology of transplanted grafts. In the necrosis model, the ADP/ATP ratio was strongly and negatively correlated with the TBE (R2 = 0.559, P < 0.001). In the apoptosis model, the ADP/ATP ratio assay, PE, DNA quantification and an ammonia elimination test clearly distinguished the groups (P < 0.001, respectively). The ADP/ATP ratio, PE and DNA quantity were well-correlated and the ammonia elimination was slightly correlated with the transplant outcome. TBE could not distinguish the groups and was not correlated with the outcome. The ADP/ATP ratio assay predicted the transplant outcome. PE and DNA quantification may improve the accuracy of the retrospective (evaluations require several days) quality assessment of hepatocytes. The ADP/ATP ratio assay, alone or with a short-term metabolic assay could improve the efficiency of HTx