The Relationship Between Overweight And Socio Demographic Status Among Adolescent Girls In Indonesia

Background: Adolescent need special attention due to their physical and psychosocial development. Studies about nutritional status of adolescent girls have been least explored in Indonesia. Objective: to assess overweight adolescence girls related to their socio-demographic condition. Methods: the data was part of the Basic Health Research 2010, which wasa cross sectional and non intervention study. It covered 33 provinces, 441 districts/municipalities, and 70,000 households.The sampling was based on economical status and urban/rural ratio. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height measured from all participants. The author analyzed 21,799 non pregnant girls aged 10-19 years by calculating Crude odds ratio and Adjusted odds ratio between overweight and normal weight and their socio demographic variables. Results: 45.3% underweight (BMI < 18.5), 44.0% normal weight (BMI 18.5-22.9), 5.7% overweight-1 (BMI 23.0-24.9), 4.0% overweight-2 (25.0-29.9) and 1.1% obese (BMI ~ 30). Those who were married were 1.87 fold more likely to be overweight (95% Cl: 1.48-2.36), those who lived at urban area were 1.26 fold more likely to be overweight (95% Cl:1.09-1.45). In adjusted models, those aged 10-12 years were 1.48 fold more likely to be overweight (95% Cl: 1.25-1. 76) and those with the highest quintile was 1.82 fold more likely to be overweight (95% Cl: 1.47-2.24). Conclusion: The high levels of overweight among adolescent girls were a public health concern. A higher prevalence of overweight was mainly found in married adolescent, those who lived in urban area, the younger ones and those with higher socioeconomic strata.It needs a comprehensive adolescent health programs

Aktualisasi Interferensi Bahasa Daerah dalam Bertutur Kata pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah

Bahasa Indonesia diadopsi dari Bahasa Melayu. Bahasa Indonesia dianggap lahir pada awal abad ke-20 bersamaan dengan lahirnya hari Kebangkitan Nasional. Latar belakang pemunculan interferensi bahasa dapat ditelusuri dari penutur dan bahasa yang dituturkannya. Weinreich (1970:64-65) mendeskripsikan beberapa faktor yang dapat dipandang sebagai latar belakang munculnya gejala interferensi, yaitu: (1) Kedwibahasaan para peserta tutur. (2) Kurangnya loyalitas pemakaian bahasa penerima. (3) Tidak cukupnya kosakata penerima dalam menghadapi kemajuan dan pembaruan.(4) Menghilangnya kata-kata yang jarang digunakan. (5) Kebutuhan akan sinonim.(6) Prestise bahasa sumber dan gaya bahasa. Interferensi merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab kesalahan berbahasa karena merusak sistem suatu bahasa. Interferensi merupakan kekeliruan yang disebabkan oleh adanya kecenderungan membiasakan pengucapan (ujaran) suatu bahasa terhadap bahasa lain. Cakupan pengucapannya adalah satuan bunyi, tata bahasa, dan kosakata. Secara umum, interferensi merupakan gejala bahasa yang timbul di dalam masyarakat bilingual dan atau multilingual. Kontak bahasa mengakibatkan terjadinya penyimpangan kaidah- kaidah bahasa, penyerapan dan penggunaan kosakata bahasa asing. Penyimpangan kaidah-kaidah bahasa dan penyerapan bahasa asing dikatakan sebagai interferensi. Penyimpangan kaidah bahasa berupa Perubahan bunyi (fonologi), susunan kata berupa pola frase (morfologi) dan struktur kalimat (sintaksis). Penyerapan bahasa asing dapat berupa pengambilan kosakata asing dan penyesuaian ejaan bahasa asing ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Penggunaan bahasa asing berupa leksikal yang belum atau tidak diindonesiakan. Berdasarkan uraian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa interferensi terjadi yang terjadi disebabkan oleh kekurangpengetahuan terhadap bahasa target. Sealin itu disebabkan oleh kedudukan lawan bicara dan faktor- faktor yang menyangkut pribadi seorang penutur yang tidak menguasai bahasa dalam masyarakat tutur. Walaupun peristiwa interferensi merupakan hal yang lazim dan wajar terjadi, akan tetapi cenderung bersifat merugikan dan merusak hubungan makna dalam berkomunikasi. Oleh karena itu, dalam berkomunikasi agar selalu menerapkan kaidah berbahasa agar tidak terjadi kesalahpahaman

Growth Inhibition of Aspergillus Spp. by Endophytic Bacteria

Aspergillus spp. (A. Niger, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus) contaminate food commodities through production of secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) and aspergillosis, and thus pose severe hazard to human and animal health. Hence, the inhibition of mycotoxin-producing fungi on agricultural storage commodities needs to be considered. The aims of this study were to evaluate endophytic bacteria isolated from rice tissues that inhibit Aspergillus spp. growth, as well as to characterize the selected isolates morphologically and biochemically. Dual culture and disk diffusion method tests on 155 endophytic bacteria obtained three isolates, i.e. FB-Endo 65, FB-Endo 73, and FB-Endo 95, which showed inhibition zone from 13 to 17 mm against Aspergillus spp. growth. The inhibition zone and quantity of antifungal compounds increased positively with the length of incubation periods from 0 to 6 days. Antifungal compounds from the three isolates were insoluble in ethyl acetate, but soluble in methanol. The methanol soluble substance(s) from FB-Endo 73 showed higher inhibition zone than that of the other isolates. This result indicated that all three isolates produced strong antifungal activity. Morphological and biochemical identifications of the isolates revealed that all isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus sp. Further studies include identification and production methods of antifungal compounds of those endophytic bacteria and their application on stored seeds

Analisis Pola Konsumsi Masyarakat Kota Malang Pasca Kenaikan Harga Bahan Makanan

The intention of this research are 1) To know how pattern consume society of malang city after the increase of price foodstuff? 2) How pattern consume society of malang city after increase of price of food-stuff compared to previously? and 3) Whether difference of pattern consume society of malang city before and hereafter the increase of price food-stuff? From result of research indicate that there is no change meaning to consume rice and soy (tempe/tofu) before and also after existence of increase of price. This matter give indication that consumption of rice and soy(tempe/tofu) of society is not affected by change (increase of price) remember that rice and soy (tempe/tofu) represent fundamental requisites. As suggestion for the government is shall the stock of soy and rice have to be taken care of don't be scarce in marketing. Rare of soy and rice (tempe/tofu) is disaster for society. For the government is obliged to control price so that did not be heavy against for the society especially the impecunious society

Analisis Aktivitas Nitrogenase dan Gen Nifh Isolat Bakteri Rhizosfer Tanaman Padi dari Lahan Sawah Pesisir Jawa Barat

Penambatan nitrogen oleh bakteri rhizosfer dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menyiasati dampak salinitas pada tanah sawah pesisir. Kemampuan tersebut disebabkan oleh aktivitas nitrogenase yang disandikan gen nifH pada komponen II. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis aktivitas nitrogenase pada kondisi salin dan mengidentifikasi gen nifH. Sebanyak 50 isolat bakteri rhizosfer asal tanah sawah pesisir daerah Eretan dan Patimban, Jawa Barat telah dianalisis. Lima isolat yang menunjukkan aktivitas nitrogenase pada kondisi salin adalah Er B1 3, Er B1 4, Er B1 9, Er B2 10, dan Ptb B1 4. Gen nifH kelima sampel diidentifikasi menggunakan PCR menghasilkan amplikon berukuran ~360 bp. Aktivitas nitrogenase tertinggi berdasarkan Analisis Reduksi Asetilen (ARA) diperoleh pada isolat Er B2 10 yang memiliki kekerabatan terdekat dengan bakteri Providencia sp. Hasil yang diperoleh membuktikan bahwa beberapa bakteri asal sawah pesisir dapat menambat nitrogen pada kondisi salin

Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Utang Luar Negeri dan Kemiskinan (Kajian Teoritis di Indonesia)

This study was conducted with the intention of examining the causal relationship between the following variables: Human Development Index (HDI), foreign debt, poverty, and economic growth. The data used in this investigation was secondary data from 1990 to 2013 which then analyzed by applying Granger causality tests performed six times that ultimately obtained the following results: (1) there was no causal relationship between Human Development Index (HDI) and Foreign Debt (AD); (2) there was a one-way causal relationship between foreign debt (AD) and poverty; (3) there was a one-way causal relationship between economic growth with Foreign Debt (AD); (4) there was no causal relationship between poverty with Human Development Index (HDI); (5) there was no causal relationship between Economic Growth and Human Development Index (HDI); and (6) there was a one-way causal relationship between economic growth and poverty