Kelebihan Asupan Iodium yang Kronik pada Ibu Menyusui dan Bayinya

Excess or deficiency of iodine are associated with thyroid disorders such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. In District of Demak, median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was very high but still no explanation of the causes on thyroid function of the population. To analyze iodine status of lactating mothers and their infant and sources of iodine. Participants were lactating mothers and their infant <6 months. Data collection included UIC urine spot, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) serum of lactating mothers and blood of infants, iodine in breast milk, iodine in salt and drinking water. Median UIC of lactating mothers and infants was 1040 and 1995 μg/L respectively. Neither lactating mothers nor infant had UIC <100 μg/L, however, proportion UIC >500 μg/L was 66.9 percent and 90.8 percent respectively. Median breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) was 850 μg/L and 4.2 percent had BMIC <120 μg/L. Mean TSH of lactating mothers and infant was 1.49+0.99 and 11.25+3.94 μIU/mL respectively. Proportion TSH <0.3 μIU/mL of lactting mothers was 10.2 percent but none TSH >6.2 μIU/mL. Meanwhile, none of infants had TSH <0.7 μIU/mL but 3.1 percent had TSH >34.0 μIU/mL. Mean fT4 of lactating mothers was 1.04+ 0.26 μmol/L. Proportion of fT4 <0.8 μmol/L was 11.5 percent and none had fT4 >2.0 μmol/L. Mean iodine in household\u27s salt was 30.0+ 20.8 ppm (range: 7.1-78.3 ppm). Meanwhile, median iodine in drinking water was 650 μg/L (range: 50-1791 μg/L). Iodine intake of lactating mothers and their infant, from drinking water, was very high. Among lactating mothers, there was a risk of subclinical hyperthyroidism as well as overt hyperthyroidism. In contrary, there was a risk of hypothyroidism of infants <6 months of age

Nilai Diagnostik Indikator Fisik Dibandingkan Baku Emas Untuk Menegakkan Diagnosis Terduga Kretin Pada Batita

Iodine severe deficiency is a major cause of impairment due to iodine deficiency disorders. Cretinism is a consequence of iodine deficiency in the womb with clinical signs that stand out among others is mental retardation. In Indonesia, there were many cases of endemic goiter and cretinism. Diagnosis of cretinism can be established more accurately by laboratory tests, but it is expensive and less practical when conducted the field. Currently there are available tools for early detection for hypothiroid in neonates (NHI, Quebec) less expensive and easier to implement however it can not be used for older children. The instrument need to be developed for older children that was easy, deap and can provide a reliable diagnostic result. This diagnostic test research studied the diagnostic value of physical indicators for the diagnosis of suspected cretinism in infants and toddlers. The research was conducted in Magelang, Wonosobo, Wonogiri and Ponorogo Districts, for 10 months. Subject were infants and children under three years old. The information generated in the form of cretinism suspected early detection instrument (DDSK) for infant and toddler at the community level. The proportion of subjects with high TSH and low FT4 (hypothyroid) were 4.6% and 98.8%. The proportion of subjects experiencing developmental disorder were 36.4% (Denver test); impaired function of hearing were 2.7% and impaired motor function were 5.5%. The result of diagnosis using DDSK form, subjects detected cretinism suspected of 11.9%, and the diagnostic gold standard (the combined test results of Denver, Bayley, clinical examination and laboratory) of 11.3%. There is a significant relationship (p< 0.001) between the presence of positive test results with cretinism suspected; grades Se= 47.1%, Sp= 92.5%. Compare with gold standard, physical indicators of diagnostic test (DDSK) could diagnosed suspected cretinism among children under three years. Revising components and scoring in the indicators of cretinism suspected early detection instrument (DDSK) for infant and toddler were necessary

Perkiraan Asupan Iodium Dan Natrium Menggunakan Urin 24 Jam Pada Anak Dan Dewasa

Basic health research (Riskesdas) 2007 found high rate of hypertension (31.7%). The question is, whether iodine fortification program in the salt still relevant because salt intake correlated with hypertension. This study is a cross sectional, assessing the levels of iodine and sodium in urine with estimation of iodine and sodium intake. This was a cross sectional study. Sample of this study were 99 families, including father, mother, and 6-12 years children. The study was conducted in three villages in Getasan Sub-district, Semarang District. Variables collected included body height and weight, iodine content of household salt, 24 hours urine volume, urine iodine and urine sodium excretion. Intake of iodine and sodium estimated with urinary iodine and sodium excretion values and urine volume. Type of salt consumed (97%) was brick form, the average of iodine content in salt was 20.4 ppm potassium iodate and consumption of salt was 8.0 ± 4.7 grams per day. Median and mean urine volume was 1500 (1523 mL ± 623) mL. The median urinary iodine excretion (EIU) is 93 (105 ± 61) μg/L. Proportion of subjects with < 100 μg/L UIE was 55.6% and ≥ 300 μg/L UIE was 1%. Median and mean urinary sodium excretion (USE) was 2588 mg/L (2732 ± 986) mg/L. The proportion of USE ≥ 2300 mg/L was 62%. Frequency of iodine and sodium food source consumption: 47.5% of subjects eating instant noodles and snacks 1-2 times a week, 98% consume MSG/ketchup/sauce ≥ 1 times a day. Frequency of salty foods consumption: 53.9% of subjects consumed 1-2 times a week and 26.9% consumed bread/biscuit/cake 1-2 times a week. Median and mean intake of iodine of subject (father, mother, child) was 113 ug/L and 126 ± 73 mg/L. Median and mean sodium intake were 3131 mg/L and 3306 ± 1193 mg/L. In sum, salt is a major source of iodine and sodium intakes although the level of iodine was considered low compared to the national standard of industry. The study location is a mild iodine deficiency area but considerably high intake of sodium based on the analysis of a 24 hour urine collection

Peta Jenis Bentuk dan Pemamfaatannya

vi, 90 hlm, : ils, ; 25 c

Kretin Endemik Dan Kretin Sporadik (Hipotiroid Kongenital)

Cretinism is a abnormality or disorder caused by disfunction ofthyroid glands which produced the thyroid hormone. There are two kinds of cretinism, endemic cretinism and sporadic cretinism. Endemic cretinism is caused by deficiency al iodine and sporadic cretinism also known as congenital hypothyroid is caused by abnormality of thyroid glands. Manyfactors play role in this abnormality

Hubungan Faktor Perbedaan Individual Dan Ketersediaan ' Garam Di Warung Dengan Perilaku Ibu Rumah Tangga Dalam Penggunaan Garam Beriodium Di Kabupaten Purworejo

IDD would be serious health problem. Behavior in salt iodization was influenced by individual dijJerence and environments. Th is study will examine relationship between individual dijJerence and availability ofiodized salt in the shop with salt iodization behavior in Purworejo. Regency. Observational research with cross sectional. This research in Ngombol Village, Purworejo Regency. Research was done in Mei-November 2010. Samples were 113 household. The instrument to collect data was questionnare regarding availability of iodized salt in the shop and individual dijJerence factors. Behavior in salt iodization had significant relationship with Mother s knowledge level (X2 = 9,834, p = 0,002), but had no significant relationship with Mother s attitude (X2 = 3,681, p = 0,055), no significant with habit (t = 0,459 , P = 0,498), no significant with availability of salt (X2 = 1,985, p =0,159