USE OF SOME FUNGICIDES IN CONTROL OF APPLE SCAB AND STORAGE DISEASES

The paper present an analysis of the biological efficacy of some new experimented during 2008-2011 at RIFG Pitesti, in order to protect the stored apples against apple scab, brown rot and other damaging storage diseases. During the experiment, 11 fungicides, including 9 single active ingredients and 2 new actives mixes, were tested by preventive treatments applied in the orchards on 4 winter apple cultivars ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Idared’, ‘Nured Jonathan’ and ‘Starkrimson’. The biological material was stored in the cold warehouse then assessed under lab conditions. The results obtained revealed that in control of brown rot, the best results were obtained with: Chorus 75 WDG - 0.3 kg/ha/treatment, Rovral 500 SC - 1.5L/ha/treatment, Switch 62.5 - 1kg/ha/treatment and Bellis 38 WG 0.8 kg/ha/treatment (F%: 0.75%; 0.25; 0%; 0%). As regard the control of apple scab, under storage conditions, the finest results were obtained with: Chorus 75 WDG - 0.3 kg/ha/treatment, Mystic Extra 0.75L/ha/treatment, Topsin M70 1kg/ha/treatment, Score 250 EC 0,2L/ha/treatment, Indar 5 EW 1,2 kg/ha/treatment, Toledo 430 SC 0.45L/ha/tratment, Folicur Solo 0.75L/ha/treatment (F%: 0%; 0.36%; 0.75%; 1.37%; 1.75%; 2.01%; 2.25%; 3.75%). Also, the treatments applied in 2011 with Bellis 38 WG 0.8 kg/ha and Switch 62.5 - 1kg/ha/treatment protected very well the stored apples against the apple scab and 4 other specific storage diseases (F%: 0)

Comportarea unor soiuri noi de măr la atacul focului bacterian

Fireblight -Erwinia amylovora Burill. Winslow is one of the most damaging for the apple culture in the many apple producing countries. Under ideal microclimate conditions it can destroy a young apple orchard in a single growing season, and by consequence it is very devastating not only for the apple production growing industry but for nurseries sector as well. In order to restrain and control the disease spread and damages, intensive researches are carried out in many fruit growing countries. This work aim was to assess the infection risks and early warning possibilities for the fire blight infections, under specific climatic conditions, using modern computer software, to assess the behavior of some new released and introduced apple varieties and to establish their susceptibility to natural occurred infections on active growing lateral shoots, in the latest years. According to the software forecast model, in the latest years, the infection risk with Erwinia amylovora on apples was high and very high from May to October. Under the given natural and technological conditions, the most sensitive apple varieties to fireblight attack were: Auriu de Bistrita (ROM) DD%=45.0; Dalinco and Dalinred (FRA) DD%=30-45.0; Topaz (CEH) DD%=35.0; Crimson Crisp and Idared (USA) DD%=35.0; Red Jonaprince (NL), Fuji Kiku Clone 8 (JPN) DD%=15.0.During the identified risk periods the apple trees need special prunings and preventive treatments with plant protection products including copper hydroxide and fosetil-aluminium, to keep them in good phytosanitary status. In order to better manage the fireblight disease, breeding o new tolerant or resistant apple varieties is always actual and a constant request

EVALUATION OF SOME NEW PLUM CULTIVARS FOR FRESH CONSUMPTION IN CORRELATION WITH CONSUMER PREFERENCES

In Romania, plums are the major fruit species, the most varied in native and cultivated varieties and the most adapted to a soils and climatic conditions. Regarding the assortment, the local varieties have been always predominantly which are designated for distillation, but also some valuable plum cultivars like ‘Tuleu gras’, ‘Stanley’, ‘d’Agen’ and ‘Anna Spath’ which were grown for mixed utilization. From this reason, one of the objectives in plum breeding program is to obtain the cultivars with fruit quality designated for fresh consumption. Following an ample breeding program initiated 60 years ago the old assortment was gradually replaced by new varieties for the fresh market. By for, 40 plum varieties have been obtained in 4 research centres: Pitesti, Valcea, Bistrita and Voinesti. Over the period 2012 – 2014 some pomological characteristics were studied in 10 new plum cultivars (‘Alina’, ‘Carpatin’, ‘Pitestean’, ‘Roman’, ‘Romanta’, ‘Tita’ – from RIFG Pitesti and ‘Dani’, ‘Geta’, ‘Iulia’, ‘Romaner’ – from RSFG Bistrita). Studies were conducted on some fruit properties (size, shape, skin colour, bloom, taste, flavor, stone adherence, defect of skin caused by Plum Pox Virus, in order to select the table cultivars incorrelation with consumer preferences. Based on the results of research and panel test the best characteristics for fresh consumption were manifested ‘Carpatin’, ‘Tita’, ‘Alina’ and ‘Iulia’ cultivars, which presented large fruits and very good taste. ‘Roman’, ‘Romanta’ and ‘Geta’ cultivars presented large fruits and good appearance but the fruits content in soluble solids were low

BEHAVIOR OF SOME ROMANIAN WALNUT VARIETIES TO SCIAPHOBUS SQUALIDUS GYLL. ATTACK

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important species for the European and Romanian fruit growing, but, despite its resilience, it can be attacked by specific pests which due to the climatic changes became more active than in the past. This paper presents results on the behavior of some Romanian walnut varieties to the bud weevil Sciaphobus squalidus Gyll attack during 2012- 2014 vegetation period. For the pest, the most favorable years were 2013 and 2014 when the pest incidence (PESINC%) was 11.48-11.88 % and the pest severity (PESSEV0--3) was rated with 2.2- 2.3. All these years the most affected walnut cultivars were ‘Roxana’, ‘Geoagiu 65’, ‘Recular RM’‘Jupanesti’, for which the pest incidence (PESINC%) ranged between 5.17-6.42% and the pest severity (PESSEV0--3) was rated with 2.0-2.5. The other cultivars (‘Mihaela’ and ‘Bratia) were more resilient to the pest attack, for these,the average pest incidence (PESINC%) was between 5.17% and 6.42% and the pest severity (PESSEV0--3) was rated with 1.8-1.9

EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO PESTS AND DISEASES OF SOME OLD APPLE VARIETIES

Old apple varieties (ˈBotaneˈ, ˈCălugăreştiˈ, ˈDomneştiˈ, ˈCreţesc auriuˈ, ˈGustav durabilˈ, ˈPătulˈ, ˈRoşii de Geoagiuˈ, ˈŞovari, ˈVerzişoareˈ, ˈTare de ghindăˈ, ˈVerzi de Rădăşeniˈ, ˈPoinicˈ) were studied in order to assess pests and disease resistance during two growing season. During the experiment, the following disease and pest evaluations were made periodically: apple powdery mildew, apple scab, green apple aphid, apple codling moth, in a plot with low pesticide regime. High scab and powdery mildew resistance was observed at ˈGustav durabilˈ and ˈBotaneˈ cvs. Hight susceptibility for apple codling moth was observed on ˈGustav durabilˈ cv. and for green apple aphid at ˈVerzişoareˈ and ˈTare de ghindăˈ cvs. In conclusion, some old apple cultivars could be a significant source of genes for apple breeding rogram