17 research outputs found
Additional file 1 of Drug-resistant profiles of extracellular vesicles predict therapeutic response in TNBC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Supplementary Material
Visual Turing test result metrics.
BackgroundAccurate interpretation of chest radiographs requires years of medical training, and many countries face a shortage of medical professionals to meet such requirements. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have aided diagnoses; however, their performance is often limited due to data imbalance. The aim of this study was to augment imbalanced medical data using generative adversarial networks (GANs) and evaluate the clinical quality of the generated images via a multi-center visual Turing test.MethodsUsing six chest radiograph datasets, (MIMIC, CheXPert, CXR8, JSRT, VBD, and OpenI), starGAN v2 generated chest radiographs with specific pathologies. Five board-certified radiologists from three university hospitals, each with at least five years of clinical experience, evaluated the image quality through a visual Turing test. Further evaluations were performed to investigate whether GAN augmentation enhanced the convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier performances.ResultsIn terms of identifying GAN images as artificial, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity between radiologists and random guessing (result of radiologists: 147/275 (53.5%) vs result of random guessing: 137.5/275, (50%); p = .284). GAN augmentation enhanced CNN classifier performance by 11.7%.ConclusionRadiologists effectively classified chest pathologies with synthesized radiographs, suggesting that the images contained adequate clinical information. Furthermore, GAN augmentation enhanced CNN performance, providing a bypass to overcome data imbalance in medical AI training. CNN based methods rely on the amount and quality of training data; the present study showed that GAN augmentation could effectively augment training data for medical AI.</div
Chest radiography synthesis workflow.
BackgroundAccurate interpretation of chest radiographs requires years of medical training, and many countries face a shortage of medical professionals to meet such requirements. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have aided diagnoses; however, their performance is often limited due to data imbalance. The aim of this study was to augment imbalanced medical data using generative adversarial networks (GANs) and evaluate the clinical quality of the generated images via a multi-center visual Turing test.MethodsUsing six chest radiograph datasets, (MIMIC, CheXPert, CXR8, JSRT, VBD, and OpenI), starGAN v2 generated chest radiographs with specific pathologies. Five board-certified radiologists from three university hospitals, each with at least five years of clinical experience, evaluated the image quality through a visual Turing test. Further evaluations were performed to investigate whether GAN augmentation enhanced the convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier performances.ResultsIn terms of identifying GAN images as artificial, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity between radiologists and random guessing (result of radiologists: 147/275 (53.5%) vs result of random guessing: 137.5/275, (50%); p = .284). GAN augmentation enhanced CNN classifier performance by 11.7%.ConclusionRadiologists effectively classified chest pathologies with synthesized radiographs, suggesting that the images contained adequate clinical information. Furthermore, GAN augmentation enhanced CNN performance, providing a bypass to overcome data imbalance in medical AI training. CNN based methods rely on the amount and quality of training data; the present study showed that GAN augmentation could effectively augment training data for medical AI.</div
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BackgroundAccurate interpretation of chest radiographs requires years of medical training, and many countries face a shortage of medical professionals to meet such requirements. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have aided diagnoses; however, their performance is often limited due to data imbalance. The aim of this study was to augment imbalanced medical data using generative adversarial networks (GANs) and evaluate the clinical quality of the generated images via a multi-center visual Turing test.MethodsUsing six chest radiograph datasets, (MIMIC, CheXPert, CXR8, JSRT, VBD, and OpenI), starGAN v2 generated chest radiographs with specific pathologies. Five board-certified radiologists from three university hospitals, each with at least five years of clinical experience, evaluated the image quality through a visual Turing test. Further evaluations were performed to investigate whether GAN augmentation enhanced the convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier performances.ResultsIn terms of identifying GAN images as artificial, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity between radiologists and random guessing (result of radiologists: 147/275 (53.5%) vs result of random guessing: 137.5/275, (50%); p = .284). GAN augmentation enhanced CNN classifier performance by 11.7%.ConclusionRadiologists effectively classified chest pathologies with synthesized radiographs, suggesting that the images contained adequate clinical information. Furthermore, GAN augmentation enhanced CNN performance, providing a bypass to overcome data imbalance in medical AI training. CNN based methods rely on the amount and quality of training data; the present study showed that GAN augmentation could effectively augment training data for medical AI.</div
(A) Real images and (B) GAN-generated images.
BackgroundAccurate interpretation of chest radiographs requires years of medical training, and many countries face a shortage of medical professionals to meet such requirements. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have aided diagnoses; however, their performance is often limited due to data imbalance. The aim of this study was to augment imbalanced medical data using generative adversarial networks (GANs) and evaluate the clinical quality of the generated images via a multi-center visual Turing test.MethodsUsing six chest radiograph datasets, (MIMIC, CheXPert, CXR8, JSRT, VBD, and OpenI), starGAN v2 generated chest radiographs with specific pathologies. Five board-certified radiologists from three university hospitals, each with at least five years of clinical experience, evaluated the image quality through a visual Turing test. Further evaluations were performed to investigate whether GAN augmentation enhanced the convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier performances.ResultsIn terms of identifying GAN images as artificial, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity between radiologists and random guessing (result of radiologists: 147/275 (53.5%) vs result of random guessing: 137.5/275, (50%); p = .284). GAN augmentation enhanced CNN classifier performance by 11.7%.ConclusionRadiologists effectively classified chest pathologies with synthesized radiographs, suggesting that the images contained adequate clinical information. Furthermore, GAN augmentation enhanced CNN performance, providing a bypass to overcome data imbalance in medical AI training. CNN based methods rely on the amount and quality of training data; the present study showed that GAN augmentation could effectively augment training data for medical AI.</div
Distribution of labels of included datasets.
BackgroundAccurate interpretation of chest radiographs requires years of medical training, and many countries face a shortage of medical professionals to meet such requirements. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have aided diagnoses; however, their performance is often limited due to data imbalance. The aim of this study was to augment imbalanced medical data using generative adversarial networks (GANs) and evaluate the clinical quality of the generated images via a multi-center visual Turing test.MethodsUsing six chest radiograph datasets, (MIMIC, CheXPert, CXR8, JSRT, VBD, and OpenI), starGAN v2 generated chest radiographs with specific pathologies. Five board-certified radiologists from three university hospitals, each with at least five years of clinical experience, evaluated the image quality through a visual Turing test. Further evaluations were performed to investigate whether GAN augmentation enhanced the convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier performances.ResultsIn terms of identifying GAN images as artificial, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity between radiologists and random guessing (result of radiologists: 147/275 (53.5%) vs result of random guessing: 137.5/275, (50%); p = .284). GAN augmentation enhanced CNN classifier performance by 11.7%.ConclusionRadiologists effectively classified chest pathologies with synthesized radiographs, suggesting that the images contained adequate clinical information. Furthermore, GAN augmentation enhanced CNN performance, providing a bypass to overcome data imbalance in medical AI training. CNN based methods rely on the amount and quality of training data; the present study showed that GAN augmentation could effectively augment training data for medical AI.</div
Details of datasets included in this study.
BackgroundAccurate interpretation of chest radiographs requires years of medical training, and many countries face a shortage of medical professionals to meet such requirements. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have aided diagnoses; however, their performance is often limited due to data imbalance. The aim of this study was to augment imbalanced medical data using generative adversarial networks (GANs) and evaluate the clinical quality of the generated images via a multi-center visual Turing test.MethodsUsing six chest radiograph datasets, (MIMIC, CheXPert, CXR8, JSRT, VBD, and OpenI), starGAN v2 generated chest radiographs with specific pathologies. Five board-certified radiologists from three university hospitals, each with at least five years of clinical experience, evaluated the image quality through a visual Turing test. Further evaluations were performed to investigate whether GAN augmentation enhanced the convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier performances.ResultsIn terms of identifying GAN images as artificial, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity between radiologists and random guessing (result of radiologists: 147/275 (53.5%) vs result of random guessing: 137.5/275, (50%); p = .284). GAN augmentation enhanced CNN classifier performance by 11.7%.ConclusionRadiologists effectively classified chest pathologies with synthesized radiographs, suggesting that the images contained adequate clinical information. Furthermore, GAN augmentation enhanced CNN performance, providing a bypass to overcome data imbalance in medical AI training. CNN based methods rely on the amount and quality of training data; the present study showed that GAN augmentation could effectively augment training data for medical AI.</div
Generative adversarial networks architecture.
BackgroundAccurate interpretation of chest radiographs requires years of medical training, and many countries face a shortage of medical professionals to meet such requirements. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have aided diagnoses; however, their performance is often limited due to data imbalance. The aim of this study was to augment imbalanced medical data using generative adversarial networks (GANs) and evaluate the clinical quality of the generated images via a multi-center visual Turing test.MethodsUsing six chest radiograph datasets, (MIMIC, CheXPert, CXR8, JSRT, VBD, and OpenI), starGAN v2 generated chest radiographs with specific pathologies. Five board-certified radiologists from three university hospitals, each with at least five years of clinical experience, evaluated the image quality through a visual Turing test. Further evaluations were performed to investigate whether GAN augmentation enhanced the convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier performances.ResultsIn terms of identifying GAN images as artificial, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity between radiologists and random guessing (result of radiologists: 147/275 (53.5%) vs result of random guessing: 137.5/275, (50%); p = .284). GAN augmentation enhanced CNN classifier performance by 11.7%.ConclusionRadiologists effectively classified chest pathologies with synthesized radiographs, suggesting that the images contained adequate clinical information. Furthermore, GAN augmentation enhanced CNN performance, providing a bypass to overcome data imbalance in medical AI training. CNN based methods rely on the amount and quality of training data; the present study showed that GAN augmentation could effectively augment training data for medical AI.</div
Binary classification performance of each CNN classifier.
Binary classification performance of each CNN classifier.</p
Distribution of labels of the train/validation/test set.
Distribution of labels of the train/validation/test set.</p