Low self-esteem leads to depression among elderly: Case study of nursing home

Background: Self-esteem is defined as “how we value our self”; it affects our trust and relationships in every part of life. Person with low self-esteem may feel powerless and incompetent about himself/herself. Moreover, low self-esteem operates as a risk factor for depression, which is most common disorder among elderly people both in developed and developing countries, causing multiple behavioral changes as well as may increase the chances of depression and suicide among the elderly people. Objective: The objective of this case study was to understand the problems faced by elderly people in the nursing home and to relate the self-esteem with depression among them.Methods: A face to face in-depth interview was conducted with a 70-year-old female living in the nursing room. Her perceptions for life were explored through a questionnaire.Findings of case study: It was observed that old lady was unable to express herself and was reluctant in sharing her views with interviewer. According to her, she was introverted and was unable to interact socially with other people because of physical disability. She used to feel unworthy and always used to think that she cannot do anything and was not encouraged by her colleagues and always been criticized by others. She was found to be depressed and had no meaning to life. Conclusion: It can be concluded that depression is one of the common problems among geriatric population, attributed to low self-esteem. Based on the personal observation during the interview, it is recommended that such clients should be encouraged, educated and counseled appropriately to enhance their trust and confidence. There should be some mechanism by which a space can be provided to them to interact with people outside their limited circle and to share their problems with their colleagues and relatives if possible. This may enhance their self-esteem and may decrease the chances of depression among elderly

Ozone depletion, a big threat to climate change: What can be done?

Ozone in the stratosphere is very important as it acts as a safeguard for the earth and protects life from harmful ultraviolet radiations coming from the sun. Depletion of stratospheric ozone, resulting from atmospheric pollution has led to increased ultraviolet radiation at the earth’s surface as well as spectral shifts to the more biologically damaging shorter wavelengths. A decrease in the concentration of stratospheric ozone enhances the solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is harmful to the growth of the plant and various other metabolic processes of the organisms and might cause changes in pigment concentrations, nucleic acids, and proteins. Multiple causes of ozone depletion have been identified in the literature review, but the findings are not synthesized at one place. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to review the causes of ozone depletion and to propose the interventions to address this problem in order to avoid the climate change and its associated outcomes

The gap between primary and secondary schools teachers in followership style at ADNI Islamic School, Malaysia

The purpose of this quantitative research was to investigate the gap between primary and secondary school teachers in followership style at Adni Islamic School, Malaysia. Surveys were completed by 92 teachers from both respective schools which included the completion of the related questionnaire. The findings of this research show that all Kelley’s Followership Styles (exemplary, alienated, pragmatist, conformist and passive) represent the followership style of primary and secondary school teachers at AIS. The most practised followership style is exemplary which amounted to 39 (42.3%) of teachers. Furthermore, the findings show that there was a significant difference in followership styles between the male primary and secondary school teachers of AIS. On the contrary, there was no any significant difference of followership styles between the female primary and secondary school teachers of AIS. In general, there was no any significant difference of followership styles between both schools. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the respective educational organization structures maintain the domination of exemplary followership style and enhance followership, since it is especially related to help followers achieve exemplary level that is be expected to promote higher levels of organization performance. Suggestions concerning further research on the subject of followership are presented

A Neural-Network-Based Simulated Model for Controlling Electrical Furnace Using Silicon Carbide Heating Elements

is obvious that Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is a successful method for system control and simulating nonlinear loads. This paper suggests an ANN model that can simulate the effects of nonlinear Temperature –Resistance characteristic of Silicon Carbide (Sic) load which used as heating elements in the recent electrical furnaces. Moreover, the paper proves that the proposed ANN control model is efficient to aid a conventional control so as keep the power density on the work piece at nearly constant level that is demanded during the heating curing process of the electrical furnace

Surface plasmon induced quantum interference at meta-material interface

In this work we investigate quantum interference in a four-level atom coupled to a negative index meta-material (NIMM) plasmonic reservoir that supports both TE and TM polarized surface plasmons (SP). This provides more options to control SP interaction with emitters and hence more control of spontaneous emission decays and spectrum. The spectrum depends critically on parameters like the reservoir parameters, mode frequency, frequency dependent electric permittivity and magnetic permeability, and the location of the atom. We report orders of magnitude enhancement in the reservoir-modified decays and spectrum compared to free space case. The rich atomic and plasmonic parameters provide a wide range of flexibility and more options to control emission spectrum that suits practical applications.Comment: 30 pages , 8 figures , research wor

ICT Technologies, Standards and Protocols for Active Distribution Network Automation and Management

The concept of active distribution network (ADN) is evolved to address the high penetration of renewables in the distribution network. To leverage the benefits of ADN, effective communication and information technology is required. Various communication standards to facilitate standard-based communication in distribution network have been proposed in literature. This chapter presents various communication standards and technologies that can be employed in ADN. Among various communication standards, IEC 61850 standard has emerged as the de facto standard for power utility automation. IEC 61850-based information modeling for ADN entities has also been presented in this chapter. To evaluate the performance of ADN communication architecture, performance metrics and performance evaluation tools have also been presented in this chapter