Māori hauora ā-iwi competencies Māori public health competencies

Abstract Background: In Aotearoa New Zealand there are persisting health inequities between Māori and non-Māori. Equity is a fundamental component of public health practice, however a review of public health courses at the University of Otago found that, aside from dedicated content, the focus on Māori health was lacking. The Māori haurora ā-iwi/public health competency project sought to address this, initially in defining a set of core competencies for teaching purposes. This paper focusses on the subsequent phase of the project, which expanded on the core competencies to enable their use in workplaces, adding progression across multiple levels. Methods: The research was completed using kaupapa Māori methodology in four stages which included: the development of draft levels of competence for the core competencies identified during phase one, consultation hui to acquire feedback, analysis of the feedback and redrafting of the competencies including their associated levels, and respondent validation. Results: Key themes emerging from the consultation process addressed both the content of competencies and their associated skills, knowledge and attitudes, as well as the application and presentation of the competency framework as a whole. Increasing expectations were identified in relation to language and tikanga (correct practice and protocol), and participants highlighted the importance of strength-based approaches and self-determination. There were recommendations to emphasise context, contemporary needs and action, as well as individual responsibility in order to decolonise public health practice. Reflective practice was deemed a fundamental cross-cutting competency and there were proposals to include planetary health and political ideologies as additional socio-political determinants of health impacting equity. In terms of application and presentation, participants emphasised cultural safety and careful navigation of worldviews, while also ensuring that all public health practitioners would feel ‘seen’ in the competencies. The final competency document has been published under a Creative Commons licence. Conclusions: The process of drafting a set of Māori public health competencies has elicited key themes that could be relevant for promoting health equity in other countries. It has also resulted in a tool for universities and workplaces to help drive forward progress in Aotearoa New Zealan

Māori hauora ā iwi competencies. Māori public health competencies (2021)

Background In 2017, the University of Otago’s Department of Preventive and Social Medicine undertook a stocktake to determine what hauora Māori content was being taught across its hauora ā iwi/public health curriculum. Hauora ā iwi/public health postgraduate papers include ‘Foundations of Hauora Māori’ and ‘Hauora Māori – Policy, Practice and Research’. Undergraduate papers include ‘Hauora Māori: Challenges and Opportunities’ and ‘Rangahau Hauora Māori - Māori Health Research’. However, the stocktake found that, with the exception of two other courses, there was little hauora Māori content in other public health courses and public health teaching across the Department’s programmes (including courses taught to medical students). When considering how the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine could respond it became clear that there were no agreed core Māori hauora ā iwi/public health competencies that could be used to inform the development of programme and course curricula. In 2019, Sue Crengle, Kate Morgaine and Fran Kewene received funding from the University of Otago’s Committee for the Advancement of Learning and Teaching (CALT) to develop a set of core Māori public health competencies. This document is the result of that work. During consultation hui about this document, we considered feedback from three different groups: practitioners, government organisations and academics. In responding to feedback on the first draft of this document, we have maintained a focus on the original purpose of the document, which was and is to focus on a set of competencies for universities and other tertiary institutions to use. We also acknowledge that this is a ‘living document’ and anticipate that it will be revised in three to five years’ time. Future revisions may incorporate the results of planned further research, which focuses on how to apply these competencies

Correlations between the IMD, its Domains, with rates of smoking and household poverty.

<p>Correlations between the IMD, its Domains, with rates of smoking and household poverty.</p

An Introduction to ATLAS Pixel Detector DAQ and Calibration Software Based on a Year's Work at CERN for the Upgrade from 8 to 13 TeV

An overview is presented of the ATLAS pixel detector Data Acquisition (DAQ) system obtained by the author during a year-long opportunity to work on calibration software for the 2015-16 Layer‑2 upgrade. It is hoped the document will function more generally as an easy entry point for future work on ATLAS pixel detector calibration systems. To begin with, the overall place of ATLAS pixel DAQ within the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the purpose of the Layer-2 upgrade and the fundamentals of pixel calibration are outlined. This is followed by a brief look at the high level structure and key features of the calibration software. The paper concludes by discussing some difficulties encountered in the upgrade project and how these led to unforeseen alternative enhancements, such as development of calibration “simulation” software allowing the soundness of the ongoing upgrade work to be verified while not all of the actual readout hardware was available for the most comprehensive testing

Weights for ranked health indicators in the Health Domain.

<p>Weights for ranked health indicators in the Health Domain.</p

Developing the IMD: An overview.

<p>Adapted from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0181260#pone.0181260.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a> SIMD 2012 Methodology, in Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012. Edinburgh: Scottish Government (Crown Copyright 2012, See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0181260#pone.0181260.s001" target="_blank">S1 Fig</a>). [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0181260#pone.0181260.ref036" target="_blank">36</a>] Reproduced with Permission (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0181260#pone.0181260.s002" target="_blank">S1 File</a>)</p

Weights of ranked education indicators in the Education Domain.

<p>Weights of ranked education indicators in the Education Domain.</p

Distinct profiles of mental health need and high need overall among New Zealand adolescents – Cluster analysis of population survey data

Objective: The objective was to identify clinically meaningful groups of adolescents based on self-reported mental health and wellbeing data in a population sample of New Zealand secondary school students. Methods: We conducted a cluster analysis of six variables from the Youth19 Rangatahi Smart Survey ( n = 7721, ages 13–18 years, 2019): wellbeing (World Health Organization Well-Being Index), possible anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item, adapted), depression symptoms (short form of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale) and past-year self-harm, suicide ideation and suicide attempt. Demographic, contextual and behavioural predictors of cluster membership were determined through multiple discriminant function analysis. We performed cross-validation analyses using holdout samples. Results: We identified five clusters ( n = 7083). The healthy cluster ( n = 2855, 40.31%) reported positive mental health across indicators; the anxious cluster ( n = 1994, 28.15%) reported high possible anxiety symptoms and otherwise generally positive results; the stressed and hurting cluster ( n = 667, 9.42%) reported sub-clinical depression and possible anxiety symptoms and some self-harm; the distressed and ideating cluster ( n = 1116, 15.76%) reported above-cutoff depression and possible anxiety symptoms and high suicide ideation; and the severe cluster ( n = 451; 6.37%) reported the least positive mental health across indicators. Female, rainbow, Māori and Pacific students and those in higher deprivation areas were overrepresented in higher severity clusters. Factors including exposure to sexual harm and discrimination were associated with increasing cluster severity. Conclusion: We identified high prevalence of mental health challenges among adolescents, with distinct clusters of need. Youth mental health is not ‘one size fits all’. Future research should explore youth behaviour and preferences in accessing support and consider how to best support the mental health of each cluster

Priority actions for improving population youth mental health: An equity framework for Aotearoa New Zealand

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Mixed progress in adolescent health and wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand 2001–2019: a population overview from the Youth2000 survey series

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