Balinese Emotion Lexicons: A Natural Semantic Metalanguage Approach

Academics are always interested in debating the study of emotions across cultures and languages. This is due to the diverse ways that emotions can be expressed in different contexts and situations in each language and culture. This article aims to discuss the meaning of Balinese Lexicons dealing with emotions. The theory applied is Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) with two at once approaches, namely mapping and explication. The results showed that there is something good happened, represented by the lexicons: demen, kendel, and lédang, and something bad happened: sebet, inguh, and gedeg. The most interesting findings are the lexicon angob ‘surprise’ having semantic feature of something good might happen and ngon ‘surprise’ due to the something bad might happen. This can be inferred that there is an in-between position, not something good nor bad happened in the concerned Balinese emotion lexicons

The Success of English Training for the Local Guides in Bali

English is widely learned throughout the globe not only as a second but also as a foreign language. As a foreign language in Indonesia, English is only studied at school as a subject-matter. Bali is a popular tourist destination in Indonesian and it provides a number of opportunities for people to master competence in English language speaking. One of the English trainings for the local villagers is run by the government of Badung regency, in the Bali province-Indonesia. This article aims at describing the process and result of English training for members of the community Group of Tourism Awareness. The participants, including the tourism local guides, were provided with materials on the following functions of the language: greetings, farewell and special expressions, apologizing, requests, invitations and suggestions. The training was carried out during three days with time allotment of 2 hours a day. The training consisted in orientation, drills, feedback and continuation. Training was delivered in terms of conversational process using the techniques of RELUS (R = read, LU = look up, S = say). The evaluation of the training was carried out through individual oral tests. The results showed that 11 out of the 18 participants obtained excellent marks and the rest obtained good results

EKSPLORASI KESALAHAN GRAMATIKA PADA PERFORMA BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS MAHASISWA SEMESTER IV STIBA-CNK

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan tata bahasa pada penampilan berbicara dan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa semester empat di STIBA-CNK. Pendekatan penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dan kualitatif-deskriptif. Prosedur pengumpulan data; teknik observasi digunakan untuk mengamati kesiapan mahasiswa, teknik dialog untuk memperoleh data kuantitatif dan angket untuk memperoleh data kualitatif. Untuk menganalisis data, peneliti mengurutkan data yang telah dikumpulkan dari rekaman. Dalam hal ini peneliti menerapkan beberapa langkah untuk menganalisis data seperti mendengarkan setiap video, menyalin data dari setiap video, mengidentifikasi kesalahan ucapan, membentuk data ucapan, dan mengklasifikasikan data kesalahan berdasarkan lima kategori kesalahan dalam berbicara bahasa Inggris oleh T. J Fitikides (2002). Temuan menunjukkan kesalahan berbicara dengan lima kategori: 41% dari bentuk yang salah digunakan, 37% dari penghilangan yang salah, 2% dari kata-kata yang tidak perlu, 11% dari kata-kata yang salah ditempatkan, dan 8% dari kata-kata yang membingungkan. Selanjutnya, temuan lain yang menjadi penyebab kesalahan dan mempengaruhi mahasiswa dalam berbicara yaitu transfer interlingual, transfer intralingual, dan strategi komunikasi.

THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH DEVERBAL NOUNS IN KING JAMES BIBLE INTO MANGGARAI LANGUAGE

This study aims to explain the types of shifts in the translation of English deverbal nouns (EDN) into Manggarai language especially the Central Manggarai Dialect (CMD) and to analyze how the types of EDN are translated into CMD. This study used a qualitative approach. The data were taken from the King James Bible (KJB) and Surak Nggeluk Reké Weru, English and CMD. The data were collected through observation method. This method was implemented at once with a note-taking technique. The result showed that a number of shifts and seven types of deverbal nouns found in the translation of EDN into CMD. The findings: (1) Level shifts: builders into lata pandé mbaru, (2) Structure shifts: workman into ata pala, (3) Class shifts: commandment into jera, (3) Unit shifts: healing into ina beti, and (4) Intra-system shifts: teachers into guru. In addition, the types of deverbal nouns: (1) Action deverbal noun: moving into gégon, (2) Agentive deverbal noun: beggar into ata lénggé, (3) Instrumental deverbal noun: charger into kepar, (4) Manner deverbal noun: blasphemy into rendak, (5) Locative deverbal noun: wallowing into purang, (6) Objective deverbal noun: creature into ata poli dédék, and (7) Reason deverbal noun: temperance into le kuasa weki

HOW TO TRANSLATE AN ACTION VERB PROVIDE INTO BAHASA INDONESIA THROUGH THE NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE

This study is aimed at mapping the meaning of action verb provide and its translation in Indonesian lexicons. The data sources of this study are two Colours Magazines of Garuda Indonesia, May 2017 and March 2018 editions. In colleting the data, this study applied the observation method and note taking technique. Those data were analyzed using Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach proposed by Anna Wierzbicka (1996). Furthermore, the method of analyzing data was descriptive qualitative method. First, each of the data was analyzed to find its meaning configuration. Then, it was followed by the paraphrasing using semantic primitives to show the explication of each lexicon and be able to compare them. The results of this study shows that the action verb provide is translated into five different Indonesian lexicons in the Colours Magazine. The verb and its translations have slight differences shown by the meaning configurations as well as explications. However, they could properly deliver the intended meaning for the Indonesian target readers regarding the sentences they are in

THE TRANSLATION OF STATE VERBS IN GONE WITH THE WIND INTO LALU BERSAMA ANGIN : NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE APPROACH

This writing aims to reveal what translation techniques are applied in translating state verbs and. to analyze how meanings are retained from source language text to target language text in the novel. It is also highlights the correlation between translation and semantic primes studies. The data focuses on the translation of state verbs taken from the novel Gone with the Wind into Lalu Bersama Angin written by Margareth Mitchell by applying the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach. This study used a qualitative method means the data are collected by observation and note taking process. There are two main theories applied in this study they are the theory of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) and the theory of translation techniques. NSM is used for a term of reference to break the concept or word down by using a small collection of semantic primes in order to make the differences clear among the meanings of state verbs in the form of paraphrases. The theory of translation techniques by Molina and Albir (2002) is applied in order to discuss the techniques of translation used in state verb lexicon. The result found literal translation is dominating the translation technique that indicates the direct transfer SL text word per word. There is also found translation by applying transposition involved the changes in word class. Another techniques found are modulation technique which change the point of view and discursive creation which deal with establishing a temporary equivalence that is totally unpredictable out of context and the last translation technique found: particularization technique. The findings of the meaning retained from SL text into TL text are based on the subtype of state verb and explicated comprehensively using NSM approach. The categorization of state verb including type of cognition (e.g believing), type of know (e.g remember), type of feel (e.g loved), type of see (e.g stared), type of want (e.g anxious to get). There is also found several phenomena caused by the translation process. The change of intensity of state verb is the one from a higher intensity of meaning to a lower in accordance with the context such as from SL text stared into TL text menatap. The change of type of state verb also found; from type of feel into the type of want such as anxious into menginginkan

Material Clause Re-contextualization in Indonesian-English Translation

This research is to investigate linguistic re-contextualization found in the translation from Indonesian into English. Applying pragmatic translation equivalence (House, 2015) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2014), it focuses on how material clause in Indonesian meditation text is rendered into English. The research finding shows that to achieve translation equivalence, Indonesian material clause is re-contextualized by rendering it into relational clause of attributive, relational clause of identification and material clause using different type of process. The re-contextualization results in shift of dematerialization and shift from one type of material clause into another type of material clause

Translation Procedure of Happy Emotion of English into Indonesian in Kṛṣṇa Text

The current study is aimed at identifying the translation procedure of happy emotion of English into Indonesian. The emotion of happy is translated into several words included bahagia, senang, suka, lega, kesenangan, gembira ria, riang, ceria, patah hati, and tenteram. The structural and metalinguistic differences between language and culture, the effects of certain styles cannot be achieved without disturbing lexis or syntactic order in the target language. In such cases, it is a more complex procedure must be used to convey the meaning of the source text. It may looks quite modern, or even unusual, indirect translation procedure allow translators to exercise over strict control the reliability of their efforts. The cultural system owned in SL and TL is at a high level and/or high context. It prioritizes positive emotions, positive thinking, and positive face rather than negative emotions. It is possible to be an evaluative the emotion in a part or fully their configuration meaning and explication technique. The most of emotive words has a positive evaluation regarded to positive feelings. It is categorized as a style and strategy communication

Speech Level Shift in the Domain of the Elderly Care in Japan by the Indonesian Caregivers

This study aimed at identifying the phenomenon of speech level shift in the domain of the elderly¬ care in Japan and finding out the rationale of the shift. Speech level in Japanese language is defined as the formality and politeness level in an interaction, which in lingustics is related to the use of formal or non-formal forms at the end of an utterance and is usually said as honorific expressions. Speech level shift is a shift from one speech level to another. The subjects of this study were 68 Indonesian caregivers who worked in the nursing homes in Japan. The data were collected in three areas, namely Osaka, Yokohama and Toyohashi. They were collected by recording the speech events between the caregivers and the elderly. The findings of this study indicated that speech level shifts took place in the interaction between the caregivers and the elderly. There were two types of speech level shifts used by the caregivers, namely plus level shift and minus level shift. They took place in the contexts of formal and nonformal speeches between the two speakers and were done by the caregivers to enable the elderly understand their speeches faster