Reviewing development of active labour market policies and the evaluation techniques

Active labor market policies are commonly used tool to fight unemployment. In the early 1960s all Scandinavian countires have introduced several different measures to have an effect on their labor markets. In the late 1970s in most developed countries of OECD government expenditures on those policies reached the level of 1-1.5% of GDP. High levels of expenditures created a need to assess the impact of such measures and perform their cost-benefit analysis. Evaluations have in the previous 30 years been undertaken by using different methods: from experimental and quasi-experimental, to micro and macro analyses. Most precise evaluations are based on complex econometric methods. Moreover, during last decade there have been several meta-analyses to make cross-analysis of evaluations made worldwide in a long time-span. General conclusions of most papers are that ALMP do not have very high influence on the employability. The best results are experienced in services provided by local national employment services, as well in training programs, especially in on-job training. In the last few years there have appeared some indications that subsidized employment has high positive effects, however there is no general consensus on that matter. Despite large number of published papers on evaluations, there has been no research aimed on analyzing overall ALMP effects on the economy, and creation of a model which could ex-ante estimate future effects of ALMP.Active policies, evaluation, econometric models, economy

Considerations regarding investments efficiency in agriculture

In the present days, we consider that it will be very interesting and useful to do some research on the agricultural sector (distinct from the industrial and other sectors of economic activity), although the process of globalization in modern economies determine trends converged approach and integrated development of rural and urban areas. In this paper we will try do some considerations regarding the problems of agricultural production and some characteristic ways of addressing the economic efficiency of investments held within it.agriculture, efficiency, investments, effectiveness.

Strategy elements of export improvement in agro-economy of Serbia

In forthcoming period, export organizations are going to face tougher competition, which will significantly influence on expectable export effects of their products. This factor must be counted on, and the only way to long-term neutralize the negative effects, based on insufficient competitiveness of domestic goods, is in constant efforts for competitiveness level increment of these products. That is to say, all reserves, primarily in the field of larger productivity and decreasing the production costs have to be engaged in this plan. That implies also certainly slower prices increment, as well as solutions regarding adequate export impulse and relief of export - oriented production, which would certainly help to react more efficient and faster to conditions on foreign market. Regarding comparative advantages, Serbia insufficiently uses even realistic natural possibilities for agricultural products production.agro-economy, strategy, export, cooperation

Reviewing development of active labour market policies and the evaluation techniques

Active labor market policies are commonly used tool to fight unemployment. In the early 1960s all Scandinavian countires have introduced several different measures to have an effect on their labor markets. In the late 1970s in most developed countries of OECD government expenditures on those policies reached the level of 1-1.5% of GDP. High levels of expenditures created a need to assess the impact of such measures and perform their cost-benefit analysis. Evaluations have in the previous 30 years been undertaken by using different methods: from experimental and quasi-experimental, to micro and macro analyses. Most precise evaluations are based on complex econometric methods. Moreover, during last decade there have been several meta-analyses to make cross-analysis of evaluations made worldwide in a long time-span. General conclusions of most papers are that ALMP do not have very high influence on the employability. The best results are experienced in services provided by local national employment services, as well in training programs, especially in on-job training. In the last few years there have appeared some indications that subsidized employment has high positive effects, however there is no general consensus on that matter. Despite large number of published papers on evaluations, there has been no research aimed on analyzing overall ALMP effects on the economy, and creation of a model which could ex-ante estimate future effects of ALMP

Organizacija i racionalna eksploatacija mašinsko-traktorskog parka na poljoprivrednim gazdinstvima u južnom Banatu

Agriculture, as one of the fundamental branches of national economy, as creator of GDP and user of scientific and technical progress, represents both for the South Banat County and for Serbia as a whole the traditional and important economic activity that operates in appropriate natural conditions much more convenient than it is situation in the most countries situated in the same part of Europe. In the process of reforms as well as preparation of our country for accession to European Union (EU), implementation of the goals given in the national program for economic revitalization as well as higher respecting of the market economy postulates are caused, to a great extent, by realization of higher degree efficiency as well as profitability of production and productive factors. Appropriate and in time application of mechanization has particular importance in realization of adequate measures for increase of agricultural production intensity. It usually refers to the need of adequate agro-technical measures realization as well as to the need of fulfilling optimal deadlines. In accordance with that, the endeavors of farms are directed to purchase of modern mechanization as well as its better utilization, i.e. onto the modern technological procedures. The topic of this paper is determination of organization and economic conditions for optimal agricultural mechanization utilization, which mostly depends on level of the mechanization equipping at the farm, than on the average tractor power, degree of the tractor capacity utilization, way of composition of machines’ set, functional maintenance of technical facilities as well as the total organization process of those activities aiming at an efficiency increase of the newly bought machines compared to the existing machinery and tractor stock of equipment.Poljoprivreda, kao jedna od baznih grana nacionalne ekonomije, stvaralac bruto domaćeg proizvoda (BDP) i korisnik naučno-tehničkog progresa, predstavlja kako za Južnobanatski okrug, tako i za Srbiju u celini tradicionalnu i značajnu ekonomsku delatnost, koja se odvija u prirodno odgovarajućim uslovima, povoljnijim nego u većini zemalja ovog dela Evrope. U procesu reformi i pripremanja naše zemlje za pristupanje Evropskoj uniji (EU), realizacija ciljeva nacionalnog programa za ekonomski oporavak i veće respektovanje postulata tržišne ekonomije jesu, u velikoj meri, uslovljeni ostvarivanjem višeg stepena efektivnosti i rentabilnosti proizvodnje i proizvodnih faktora. Celishodna i blagovremena primena mehanizacije ima poseban značaj u sprovođenju adekvatnih mera za povećanje intenziteta poljoprivredne proizvodnje. To se po pravilu odnosi kako na potrebu izvršenja određenih agrotehničkih mera, tako i na potrebu da se ove aktivnosti realizuju u određenim optimalnim rokovima. Shodno tome, napori poljoprivrednih gazdinstava su usmereni na kupovinu savremene mehanizacije i njeno što bolje korišćenje, tj. na savremene tehnološke postupke. Predmet ovog rada je određivanje organizaciono-ekonomskih uslova za optimalnu upotrebu poljoprivredne mehanizacije, što u najvećoj meri zavisi od nivoa opremljenosti gazdinstva mehanizaciijom, prosečne snage traktora, stepena iskorišćenja kapaciteta traktora, načina sastavljanja mašinskog agregata, funkcionalnog održavanja tehnike i ukupnog procesa organizacije onih aktivnosti koje imaju za cilj povećanje efektivnosti novokupljenih mašina u odnosu na postojeći mašinsko-traktorski park

Ekonomski aspekti korišćenja poljoprivredne mehanizacije u Srbiji

As an important production factor and an element of the fixed capital, mechanization has significant role in the process of agricultural production. Its importance has both technical and socio-economic character, as the tractors and other agricultural machinery had radically changed rural life as well as the way of land cultivation – they increased labour productivity in agricultural production and decreased the operating costs. In the preparation period for integration of our country into the European countries' family, technical equipping of agriculture has reflected the basic component important for functionality of the new agrarian structures. Replacement of depreciated mechanization and provision of enough high-performance tractors as well as other modern agricultural machinery necessary for the farms (both in direct way or in an indirect one – through different forms of financing, cooperation and mutual support), represent determinants for undisturbed and in-time implementation of agricultural in-field operations as well as other activities in crop and livestock production. In this paper the authors try to display the basic economic aspects of agricultural mechanization utilization in Serbia as well as to compare existing situation with the similar one in neighbouring countries (area of ex-SFRJ), then with the Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEE) and finally with some EU countries (EU-15). In addition to that, this analysis includes the basic characteristics of agrarian policy aiming at agricultural mechanization recovery and improvement in Serbia, as well as the support of this policy (supporting financial resources for recovery of agricultural equipment and mechanization as well as for rural improvement).Kao važan proizvodni faktor i element fiksnog kapitala, mehanizacija ima značajnu ulogu u procesu poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Njen značaj ima kako tehnički, tako i društveno-ekonomski karakter, budući da su traktori i poljoprivredne mašine radikalno izmenile život na selu i način obrade zemljišta - povećale su produktivnost rada u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji i smanjile troškove eksploatacije. U pripremnom periodu za integraciju naše zemlje u porodicu evropskih zemalja, tehnička opremljenost poljoprivrede reflektuje osnovnu komponentu od koje zavisi funkcionalnost novih agrarnih struktura. Zamena dotrajale mehanizacije i obezbeđenje dovoljnog broja visoko-performansnih traktora i ostalih savremenih poljoprivrednih mašina za potrebe poljoprivrednih gazdinstava (bilo direktno, bilo indirektno – kroz različite forme finansiranja, kooperacije i uzajamne pomoći), jeste determinanta za nesmetano i blagovremeno obavljanje kako poljskih, tako i ostalih radova koji prate aktivnosti u biljnoj i stočarskoj proizvodnji. U ovom radu autori nastoje da prikažu osnovne ekonomske aspekte korišćenja mehanizacije u poljoprivredi Srbije i da izvrše komparaciju sa stanjem koje u tom domenu vlada u susednim zemljama (područje bivše SFRJ), zatim u zemljama Centralne i Istočne Evrope (CIE) i najzad u jednom broju zemalja Evropske unije (EU-15). Pored toga, analizom su obuhvaćene i osnovne postavke politike obnove i unapređenja poljoprivredne tehnike u Srbiji, bazirane na merama i podsticajnim sredstvima domaće agrarne politike (podsticajna sredstva za obnovu poljoprivredne opreme i mehanizacije i podsticajna sredstva za unapređenje sela)

Sustainable agriculture and rural development in terms of the republic of Serbia strategic goals realization within the Danube region. Rural development and (un)limited resources

International Scientific Conference „SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TERMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA STRATEGIC GOALS REALIZATION WITHIN THE DANUBE REGION - rural development and (un)limited resources“, which was held in period 5-6th June 2014 in Belgrade, the Republic of Serbia, through number of presented papers mainly provides an overview of results of scientific research on the integrated and interdisciplinary project No. III 46006 „SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TERMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA STRATEGIC GOALS REALIZATION WITHIN THE DANUBE REGION“. Besides the authors from Serbia in Thematic Proceedings are also presented the papers of authors from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Albania, Romania, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Austria and USA. The papers are systematized in 3 thematic sections: I RURAL ECONOMY IN THE FUNCTION OF INTEGRAL LOCAL DEVELOPMENT (section was represented by 30 papers); II ALLOCATION AND VALORIZATION OF RESOURCE POTENTIALS OF RURAL AREAS (section was represented by 26 papers); III THE REFORM OF THE EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY – A NEW DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE PERIOD 2014-2020 (section was represented by 7 papers)

Quality - a Factor for Competitiveness Improvement for Small and Medium Enterprises

The impact of quality management on microeconomic systems is major. Theintegration into the European Economic Area requires a comprehensive processof compliance to European policies and practices, including implementation ofquality management system. The dominance of the small and mediumenterprises sector in the economy requires a specific action framework, thequality having a fundamental role. Only those operators who have implementedand certified a quality management system can valorize on their goods andservices in the European market. Acting on the potentials` sphere, qualitybecomes a crucial resource for economic success. In this context, the authorsaim to analyze the impact of implementation and certification of qualitymanagement on the progress of Romania small and medium enterprises in thecontext of diversification and globalization of the emphasis of European andworld markets