Correlations for pairs of periodic trajectories for open billiards

In this paper we prove two asymptotic estimates for pairs of closed trajectories for open billiards similar to those established by Pollicott and Sharp for closed geodesics on negatively curved compact surfaces. The first of these estimates holds for general open billiards in any dimension. The more intricate second estimate is established for open billiards satisfying the so called Dolgopyat type estimates. This class of billiards includes all open billiards in the plane and open billiards in $\R^N, N \geq 3$ satisfying some additional conditions

ULTRASOUND AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN LIVER HEMANGIOMAS

No abstrac

CVaR sensitivity with respect to tail thickness

We consider the sensitivity of conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) with respect to the tail index assuming regularly varying tails and exponential and faster-than-exponential tail decay for the return distribution. We compare it to the CVaR sensitivity with respect to the scale parameter for stable Paretian, the Student's t, and generalized Gaussian laws and discuss implications for the modeling of daily returns and marginal rebalancing decisions. Finally, we explore empirically the impact on the asymptotic variability of the CVaR estimator with daily returns which is a standard choice for the return frequency for risk estimation. --fat-tailed distributions,regularly varying tails,conditional value-at-risk,marginal rebalancing,asymptotic variability

NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN WITH BRAIN DAMAGE SYNDROME

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Copper homeostasis in Enterococcus hirae

Copper is an essential component of life because of its convenient redox potential of 200-800 mV when bound to protein. Extensive insight into copper homeostasis has only emerged in the last decade and Enterococcus hirae has served as a paradigm for many aspects of the process. The cop operon of E. hirae regulates copper uptake, availability, and export. It consists of four genes that encode a repressor, CopY, a copper chaperone, CopZ, and two CPx-type copper ATPases, CopA and CopB. Most of these components have been conserved across the three evolutionary kingdoms. The four Cop proteins have been studied in vivo as well as in vitro and their function is understood in some detai

Application of cellular automaton in production expert system

The possibility of applying cellular automaton in production expert systems has been studied. For industrial expert systems having knowledge bases of several thousands rules, using cellular automaton as inference machines opens the possibility to increase the operating efficiency with knowledge base

Chromaticity based Smoke Removal in Endoscopic Image

In minimally invasive surgery, image quality is a critical pre-requisite to ensure a surgeons ability to perform a procedure. In endoscopic procedures, image quality can deteriorate for a number of reasons such as fogging due to the temperature gradient after intra-corporeal insertion, lack of focus and due to smoke generated when using electro-cautery to dissect tissues without bleeding. In this paper we investigate the use of vision processing techniques to remove surgical smoke and improve the clarity of the image. We model the image formation process by introducing a haze medium to account for the degradation of visibility. For simplicity and computational e ciency we use an adapted dark-channel prior method combined with histogram equalization to remove smoke artifacts to recover the radiance image and enhance the contrast and brightness of the nal result. Our initial results on images from robotic assisted procedures are promising and show that the proposed approach may be used to enhance image quality during surgery without additional suction devices. In addition, the processing pipeline may be used as an important part of a robust surgical vision pipeline that can continue working in the presence of smoke