Reflections on Reflections: Training in Counseling Psychology

The Major Contribution in the September issue of The Counseling Psychologist provides several points to consider as the field defines the profession and training models for the 21st century. Calls for returning, in part, to our roots in career and vocational issues as well as our presence in the schools and recommendations for increased focus on children and adolescents should enable the retention of, and perhaps the increase in, our relevance in colleges of education. This reaction adds to this list a continued focus on personal adjustment and crucial attention to marriage and family issues, areas that can augment our institutional fit. Interpretations of survey data on outcomes of training models and racial-ethnic representation in our programs are offered. Little evidence exists to indicate advantages in moving counseling psychology away from its exclusive adherence to a scientist-professional training model. Our contributions to broad educational goals can positively impact our movement toward diverse and representative program faculty.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Subsidies under United States Countervailing Duty Law: The Case of Taiwan

The rapid industrialization of the Republic of China on the island of Taiwan during the past thirty years has been accompanied by the entry of goods made in Taiwan into markets around the world. Indeed, foreign trade has become the backbone of Taiwan\u27s economy and the impetus for its economic growth. Between 1976 and 1984, for example, year-to-year growth rates of imports ranged from 7.4% to 34.0%, while export growth ranged from 14.1% to 53.8%. In its ninth medium-term economic plan, the Council of Economic Planning and Development ( CEPD ) calls for Taiwan\u27s economy to grow by an annual average of 6.5% and exports of merchandise to increase by 8.2% annually from 1986 to 1989. The four-year plan projects merchandise exports of $40.3 billion and imports of$ 30.4 billion by 1989. This Article analyzes Taiwan\u27s government policies affecting production for export and their treatment under United States countervailing duty law. After describing the evolution of Taiwan\u27s trade policy and the present formulation of Taiwan\u27s law and regulation affecting production for export, the Article sets forth the applicable provisions of United States countervailing duty law. Discussion then focuses upon recent countervailing duty proceedings involving Taiwanese products, and concludes with the observation that the Taiwanese government subsidizes its exports minimally, if at all. This observation will refute the recurring argument that Taiwanese export subsidies have contributed to the United States-Taiwan trade deficit

Overview: U.S.-Korea and U.S.-Taiwan Trade Law Issues in Comparative Perspective

Since the mid-1950s, the economies of Korea and Taiwan have achieved remarkable results, with annual growth rates of ten percent not unusual in some years. During the past couple of decades, they have relied heavily on export trade, particularly with the United States, to maintain rapid growth rates and continued economic development. In 1988, for example, Korea and Taiwan enjoyed a combined trade surplus with the United States of $21.6 billion on total trade of$68.4 billion

Subsidies under United States Countervailing Duty Law: The Case of Taiwan

The rapid industrialization of the Republic of China on the island of Taiwan during the past thirty years has been accompanied by the entry of goods made in Taiwan into markets around the world. Indeed, foreign trade has become the backbone of Taiwan\u27s economy and the impetus for its economic growth. Between 1976 and 1984, for example, year-to-year growth rates of imports ranged from 7.4% to 34.0%, while export growth ranged from 14.1% to 53.8%. In its ninth medium-term economic plan, the Council of Economic Planning and Development ( CEPD ) calls for Taiwan\u27s economy to grow by an annual average of 6.5% and exports of merchandise to increase by 8.2% annually from 1986 to 1989. The four-year plan projects merchandise exports of $40.3 billion and imports of$ 30.4 billion by 1989. This Article analyzes Taiwan\u27s government policies affecting production for export and their treatment under United States countervailing duty law. After describing the evolution of Taiwan\u27s trade policy and the present formulation of Taiwan\u27s law and regulation affecting production for export, the Article sets forth the applicable provisions of United States countervailing duty law. Discussion then focuses upon recent countervailing duty proceedings involving Taiwanese products, and concludes with the observation that the Taiwanese government subsidizes its exports minimally, if at all. This observation will refute the recurring argument that Taiwanese export subsidies have contributed to the United States-Taiwan trade deficit

No Association Between an Oxytocin Receptor Genetic Variant and Depressive Symptoms

• Depression has the greatest impact on daily functioning capability of all diseases and adversely effects individuals globally (Flint & Kendler, 2014). • Human capital value of these losses has been about $40 billion dollars annually (Kessler, 2012). • Analysis of the genetic and biological systems associated with depressive symptoms, such as the oxytocin system, could lead to identifying risk variants and possible treatment development. • Genetic Variation in OXTR is associated with a variation in depressive symptoms including low selfesteem, pessimism, and low self-efficacy, etc. (Conner et al., 2018). • The A allele of the SNP rs53576 is considered the risk allele as it’s associated with decreased pro-social behavior and increased loneliness and suicide attempts (Parris et. Al., 2018) • The exact mechanism has not been identified, but G/G homozygotes recorded to have higher oxytocin levels, associated with increased emotional responsiveness (Marsh et al., 2012; Tost et al., 2010) • We hypothesize that: (1) individuals possessing the A allele of the rs53576 SNP of OXTR will have more depressive symptoms on average. (2) Females will have more depressive symptoms on average. (3) There is an interaction between genotype and biological sex, as A allele females will have more depressive symptoms on average

Does gender moderate associations among impulsivity and health-risk behaviors?

The present study explores the relations among gender, impulsivity and three health-risk behaviors relevant to young adults (tobacco use, alcohol problems and gambling problems) in a sample of 197 college-age individuals. We sought to determine whether impulsivity is associated with health-risk behaviors in the same ways for men and women. For tobacco use and gambling problems, men were at higher risk than women, and impulsivity was not significantly associated with higher risk. Higher levels of motor impulsivity in men accounted for a significant amount of the gender difference in risk for alcohol problems. That is, impulsivity as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (version 11), mediated the association between gender and risk for alcohol problems. For impulsivity as measured by Stop Signal Reaction Time (i.e. response inhibition), gender moderated the association between impulsivity and alcohol problems. Specifically, lower levels of impulsivity were associated with greater risk for alcohol problems in both men and women, but the effect was stronger in men. We speculate that this seemingly paradoxical result might be the result of coping drinking to deal with negative affect associated with behavioral overcontrol. These findings suggest that prevention efforts might well focus on identifying individuals at high risk for alcohol problems, especially males, by assessing response inhibition

Does gender moderate associations among impulsivity and health-risk behaviors?

The present study explores the relations among gender, impulsivity and three health-risk behaviors relevant to young adults (tobacco use, alcohol problems and gambling problems) in a sample of 197 college-age individuals. We sought to determine whether impulsivity is associated with health-risk behaviors in the same ways for men and women. For tobacco use and gambling problems, men were at higher risk than women, and impulsivity was not significantly associated with higher risk. Higher levels of motor impulsivity in men accounted for a significant amount of the gender difference in risk for alcohol problems. That is, impulsivity as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (version 11), mediated the association between gender and risk for alcohol problems. For impulsivity as measured by Stop Signal Reaction Time (i.e. response inhibition), gender moderated the association between impulsivity and alcohol problems. Specifically, lower levels of impulsivity were associated with greater risk for alcohol problems in both men and women, but the effect was stronger in men. We speculate that this seemingly paradoxical result might be the result of coping drinking to deal with negative affect associated with behavioral overcontrol. These findings suggest that prevention efforts might well focus on identifying individuals at high risk for alcohol problems, especially males, by assessing response inhibition

Dissipation and Distribution of Herbicides in the Soil Profile

The distribution and dissipation of alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide], atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5 triazine), and metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] in soil were studied in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Crop management practices included four tillage methods—chisel plow, moldboard plow, no-till, and ridge-till—and two crop rotations—continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and a corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. All herbicides were broadcast-spray applied with no incorporation. No-till plots had the smallest amounts of alachlor and metribuzin, whereas ridge-till plots had the smallest amounts of atrazine. Moldboard-plow plots usually contained the highest amounts of all three herbicides, although ridge-till plots had the highest metribuzin levels in 1992. These differences were seldom significant at the 0.05 level of probability, however. Throughout the growing season, 50 to 84% of the alachlor and metribuzin were retained in the top 10-cm layer of soil, and at least 68% of the atrazine was retained in the top 20 cm. From 84 to 98% of the herbicide applied was lost each year, probably by microbial degradation and, for alachlor, by volatilization after application. First-order half-lives were 36 d for alachlor, 55 d for atrazine, and 32 d for metribuzin. A two-compartment model better fitting the alachlor data returned a half-life of 24 d for that herbicide