The USMCA & United States-Canada Trade Relations: Ther Perspectives of a U.S. Trade Practitioner

After a 13-month-long negotiation process, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement was announced on Sept. 20, 2018 to replace the North American Freed Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This article discusses the implications of this transition on Canadian diary management, global excesses in steel and aluminum, softwood lumber, and reform in the World Trade Organization

Merger Control in the European Community: The EC Regulation On the Control of Concentrations Between Undertakings and Implementing Guidelines

The European Community (EC) is currently adopting comprehensive new legislation within the framework of its internal market program, which is expected to transform the way business is conducted in the EC. By December 1992, the Community should be well on its way to becoming an integrated economy, with about 320 million consumers. Not surprisingly, the number of mergers and acquisitions in the EC across national boundaries is increasing in response to the prospects of a larger consumer base and greater market opportunities. The new EC Regulation On the Control of Concentrations Between Undertakings is one element of the EC\u27s ambitious program. It represents the European Community\u27s first attempt to establish a trans-national systematic merger control system and is intended to become the cornerstone of the EC\u27s competition policy

The SPS Agreement of the World Trade Organization and International Organizations: The Roles Of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Plant Protection Convention, and the International Office of Epizootics

The proper fanctioning of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) depends in part upon three international organizations, the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), and the International Office of Epizootics (OIE). The SPS Agreement states that the sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards of these organizations are the benchmark international standards for WTO members, and recent WTO decisions demonstrate the importance of international standards in the settlement of WTO disputes involving SPS measures. The Codex, IPPC, and OIE also provide valuable services that benefit the WTO, such as advising developing countries on technical matters concerning SPS issues. This article describes the roles of these international organizations in the SPS Agreement. It also examines how the new responsibilities given to the Codex, IPPC, and OIE in the SPS Agreement might change these international bodies