Approximations from Anywhere and General Rough Sets

Not all approximations arise from information systems. The problem of fitting approximations, subjected to some rules (and related data), to information systems in a rough scheme of things is known as the \emph{inverse problem}. The inverse problem is more general than the duality (or abstract representation) problems and was introduced by the present author in her earlier papers. From the practical perspective, a few (as opposed to one) theoretical frameworks may be suitable for formulating the problem itself. \emph{Granular operator spaces} have been recently introduced and investigated by the present author in her recent work in the context of antichain based and dialectical semantics for general rough sets. The nature of the inverse problem is examined from number-theoretic and combinatorial perspectives in a higher order variant of granular operator spaces and some necessary conditions are proved. The results and the novel approach would be useful in a number of unsupervised and semi supervised learning contexts and algorithms.Comment: 20 Pages. Scheduled to appear in IJCRS'2017 LNCS Proceedings, Springe

АВТОТЕХНІЧНА ЕКСПЕРТИЗА ТА ЇЇ МІСЦЕ В СИСТЕМІ СУДОВИХ ЕКСПЕРТИЗ В УКРАЇНІ

The problematic issues of the essence of the forensic autotechnical expertise and its correlation with other engineering and technical expertise in studying vehicles and the circumstances of transport accidents have been considered. The importance of the object of the expertise for building an in-class classification of engineering and technical expertise has been stressed. Presented in the specialized literature position on the inclusion of psychological knowledge about the psychophysical state of a driver into the subject of autotechnical expertise has not been supported. The author has suggested own definition of the concept of forensic engineering and auto-technical expertise as the research by an expert on the basis of special knowledge of vehicles, their details, traffic conditions, other circumstances and the mechanism of motorized vehicle accidents, which contain information on the circumstances of the case in the proceedings of the pre-trial investigation agencies or the court. It has been emphasized that there is no uniform approach to the classification of examinations in the current regulatory and legal acts on the appointment and conduction of forensic examinations and in the specialized literature. In this regard, problematic aspects of the relationship of engineering and technical, engineering and transport, autotechnical expertise have been considered. The author has provided additional arguments on the need to separate engineering and technical as a kind of engineering and transport expertise, a subspecies of which is autotechnical expertise. The latter has been offered to be called an engineering and autotransport expertise for observing the internal logic of names in the hierarchy of this classification group of forensic examinations.Розглянуто проблемні питання щодо сутності судової автотехнічної експертизи та її співвідношення з іншими інженерно-технічними експертизами з дослідження транспортних засобів та обставин транспортних пригод. Запропоновано авторське визначення поняття судової інженерно-автотехнічної експертизи. Наведено додаткові аргументи про необхідність виокремлення у складі роду інженерно-технічних як виду інженерно-транспортної експертизи, підвидом якої є інженерно-автотехнічна експертиза