15 research outputs found
Transmission electron microscopy and morphometry of the CNS white matter
Transmission electron microscopy of central nervous system white matter has provided unparalleled access to the ultrastructural features of axons, their myelin sheaths, and the major cells of white matter; namely, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursors, astrocytes, and microglia. In particular, it has been invaluable in elucidating pathological changes in axons and myelin following experimentally induced injury or genetic alteration, in animal models. While also of value in the examination of human white matter, the tissue is rarely fixed adequately for the types of detailed analyses that can be performed on well-preserved samples from animal models, perfusion fixed at the time of death. In this chapter we describe methods for obtaining, processing, and visualizing white matter samples using transmission electron microscopy of perfusion fixed tissue and for unbiased morphometry of white matter, with particular emphasis on axon and myelin pathology. Several advanced electron microscopy techniques are now available, but this method remains the most expedient and accessible for routine ultrastructural examination and morphometry
Differential expression of neuregulin-1 isoforms and downregulation of erbin are associated with Erb B2 receptor activation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Soluble neuregulin-1 modulates disease pathogenesis in rodent models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1A
The Associations of Parents’ and Children’s Anxiety Sensitivity with Child Anxiety and Somatic-Hypochondriac Symptoms
Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease
Schwann cells promote post-traumatic nerve inflammation and neuropathic pain through MHC class II
Mice Lacking GD3 Synthase Display Morphological Abnormalities in the Sciatic Nerve and Neuronal Disturbances during Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Pathomechanisms in schwannoma development and progression
Schwannomas are tumors of the peripheral nervous system, consisting of different cell types. These include tumorigenic Schwann cells, axons, macrophages, T cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and an extracellular matrix. All cell types involved constitute an intricate 'tumor microenvironment' and play relevant roles in the development and progression of schwannomas. Although Nf2 tumor suppressor gene-deficient Schwann cells are the primary tumorigenic element and principle focus of current research efforts, evidence is accumulating regarding the contributory roles of other cell types in schwannoma pathology. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of intra- and intercellular mechanisms contributing to schwannoma formation. 'Genes load the gun, environment pulls the trigger.' -George A. Bray