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Not AvailableThe profile of hemolymph ecdysteroid was studied in the gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera, during larval-pupal transformation. The changes closely correspond to the developmental events occurring at metamorphosis. Two insect growth regulators, plumbagin and azadirachtin, significantly depleted the content and altered the profile of ecdysteroids at crucial stages, when applied at ED 50 doses. The activity profiles of two fat body lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and P-galactosidase, were also significantly affected by the insect growth regulators. It is suggested that plumbagin and azadirachtin treatments primarily modify the ecdysteroid titer, which in turn leads to changes in lysosomal enzyme activity causing overt morphological abnormalities during the metamorphic molt.Not Availabl

Nitrileketenimine tautomerism in substituted alkylidene malononitriles and alkylidene cyanoacetates: A characteristic UV absorption band

Several alkylidene malononitriles (1b,1d,1e,2b and4b) and alkylidene cyanoacetates (1a,2a and4a) studied exhibit a long wavelength UV absorption band around 355 nm which shows a hyperchromic effect in the presence of ethanolic alkali. This band has been assigned to the ketenimine tautomer (5). Addition of water to1b,1e and2b gives the corresponding pyridine diols (7a,7b and8a) respectively. Similarly, addition of ethanol to1e and2b gave the corresponding ethoxypyridine derivatives (7c and8b). Mechanism of formation of these compounds is discussed. Structures, as well as mechanism of formation of1c,7c and10 obtained from1b,1e and2b respectively on standing at room temperature are also discussed

Nitrile ketenimine tautomerism in substituted alkylidene malononitriles and alkylidene cyanoacetates: a characteristic UV absorption band

Several alkylidene malononitriles (1b,1d,1e,2b and 4b) and alkylidene cyanoacetates (1a,2a and 4a) studied exhibit a long wavelength UV absorption band around 355 nm which shows a hyperchromic effect in the presence of ethanolic alkali. This band has been assigned to the ketenimine tautomer (5). Addition of water to1b,1e and 2b gives the corresponding pyridine diols (7a,7b and 8a) respectively. Similarly, addition of ethanol to 1e and 2b gave the corresponding ethoxypyridine derivatives (7c and 8b). Mechanism of formation of these compounds is discussed. Structures, as well as mechanism of formation of 1c, 7c and 10 obtained from 1b,1e and 2b respectively on standing at room temperature are also discussed