The Liver Parameters In The Collagen-Induced Arthritis

The living organisms use defensive mechanisms in their struggle to keep the inner homeostasis and potect themselves from the changes induced by external factors and penetrative agents. The manifestation of these changes depends on the character, the intensity and the duration of the agents’ activity, and on the physiological characteristics of the organism (gender, age, health condition etc.). The aim of our study was to analyze, the effects of collagen-induced arthritis (that is, the autoimmune reaction and the inflammation) on some liver parameters. We determined the content of proteins, DNA and RNA. Animals with collagen-induced arthritis showed decreased relative content of proteins in liver, compared to controls. On the contrary, the relative content of DNA and RNA were increased in animals treated with collagen

Production and balance among of cereal plants in Republic of Macedonia

Abstract Grain production in the Republic of Macedonia is accomplished by producing a grain of wheat (287 454 t), barley (153 055 t) and maize (136 930 t). Rye, rice and oats are produced in a smaller quantities. The cereal plants do not satisfy the domestic demands, even though they have strategic significance and are the most present crops. Wheat is the dominant cereal that takes up more than half of the total planted area with cereal crops, and it is followed by barley with approximately 24% and maize by around 17% of the total arable land. Barley and maize are mostly used as feed, but also a large part of wheat is used as feed, especially in the family farms. There is an average annual production of cereal crops of about 546 760 tons with an average yield of all cereal crops of about 3,38 t/ha. Key words: production, cereals, yield, area, plant

Conditions and challenges in wheat, barley and corn production in Republic of North Macedonia in the period of the new world economic crisis

Wheat, barley and corn are the most common cereals in crop production in Republic of North Macedonia. In 2021, 243,676 tons of wheat, 151,600 tons of barley and 130,769 tons of corn were produced. The other cereal plants, like rye, rice and oats are produced in much smaller quantities. The total production of wheat, barley and corn grain in 2021 was 526,045 tons. The average production for the three-year period (2019/21) of grain from these crops was 529 956 tons. The production obtained from these grains does not satisfy the domestic need and demand. Wheat is dominant and strategic cereal crop, followed by barley and corn. The domestic production meets about 55 to 60% of needs. The remaining amount is still provided by imports. In order, to overcome these conditions and become import-independent for wheat, barley and corn grain, it is necessary to take certain bolder steps in the organizational part of production

Conditions and challenges in wheat, barley and corn production in Republic of North Macedonia in the period of the new world economic crisis

Wheat, barley and corn are the most common cereals in crop production in Republic of North Macedonia. In 2021, 243,676 tons of wheat, 151,600 tons of barley and 130,769 tons of corn were produced. The other cereal plants, like rye, rice and oats are produced in much smaller quantities. The total production of wheat, barley and corn grain in 2021 was 526,045 tons. The average production for the three-year period (2019/21) of grain from these crops was 529 956 tons. The production obtained from these grains does not satisfy the domestic need and demand. Wheat is dominant and strategic cereal crop, followed by barley and corn. The domestic production meets about 55 to 60% of needs. The remaining amount is still provided by imports. In order, to overcome these conditions and become import-independent for wheat, barley and corn grain, it is necessary to take certain bolder steps in the organizational part of production

Одржување на колекционираните и воведени популации, сорти и хибриди во Ген-банка

Одржување на колекционираните и воведени популации, сорти и хибриди во Ген-банка. Обнова на дел од колекционираниот материјал со цел да се обезбеди резерва семе за размена и чување во Ген-банката

Effects of hyperthermic stress in different developmental stages in white rat on the table

High environmental temperature of 40 0С, applied in different developmental stages in White laboratory rat, is a stress on the body that load the adrenal glands. In terms of hypotermic stress adrenal glands work faster, producing increased amounts of adrenaline , noradrenaline and cortisol. In terms of long-term stress, and load of the glands are entering a phase of temporary hypofunction . If they are healthy, they hypertrophied trying to compensate for the reduced release of hormones. During a long and exhausting stress comes to chronic hypofunction of the adrenal glands

Ботаника - скрипта за студентите на Земјоделски факултет (рецензирана скрипта)

Ботаниката е сложена биолошка дисциплина која ги проучува растенијата односно нивната надворешна и внатрешна градба, законитостите на нивниот раст и развиток, животните функции, разновидноста на растенијата, нивната еволуција, класификација, распространување и користење. Скриптата по ботаника е напишана на лесен, едноставен и разбирлив јазик за студентите. Материјата е концепирана во неколку подглавја и тоа: вовед, цитологија на растенијата, организација на растителната клетка, хистологија на растенијата, морфологија и анатомија на растителните органи, размножување на растенијата, систематика на растенијата и користена литература

The influence of hyperprolacтinemia on the level of FSH and LH in women

Prolactin as a hormone secreted by lactotrophs of the adenocyphosis primarily affects lactation in mammals, that is, on the production of milk (lactogenesis), the development and branching of the milk channels (mamogenesis) and the removal of milk through the nipples (galactopoezis). Other significant biological effects of prolactin include maintaining the internal homeostasis of the organism acting as an osmoregulatory hormone, as an luteotrophic hormone and has an immunological role in the body. Excretion of prolactin is regulated by the action of prolactin stimulating and prolactin inhibiting factors of the hypothalamus. By maintaining a balance in the excretion of these factors, the level of concentration of prolactin in the serum is in normal reference values. Disturbance in the excretion of dopamine as the strongest prolactin secretion inhibitor increases the level of prolactin, a condition known as hyperprolactinaemia, in which all hormones important for the normal menstrual cycle are inhibited, leading to reduced production of ovarian follicles and ovarian steroids, anovulation and sterility in women

The impact of intermittent exposure to ambient temperature of 40 °C, at different development stages, on the blood picture of albino lab rat

In this paper, we investigated the effects of hyperthermic stress, involved in the intrauterine and early postnatal period, in the blood like the inner space, in fact in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit and leucocytes. For this purpose we used albino laboratorial rat of the Wistar kind. The testing results led us to conclusion about the harmful influence of the hyperthermic stress in all of the investigated parameters, especially if it is applied in continuity. It’s manifested by increased number of erythrocytes and hematocrit value and change in the number of the leukocytes, which in state of hyperthermic stress, is reduced. Changes occur in relation between lymphocytes and neutrophilic leukocytes. Treatment in the intrauterine life has very small negative influence

The Liver Parameters In The Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rat Model

The living organisms use defensive mechanisms in their struggle to keep the inner homeostasis and potect themselves from the changes induced by external factors and penetrative agents. The manifestation of these changes depends on the character, the intensity and the duration of the agents’ activity, and on the physiological characteristics of the organism (gender, age, health condition etc.). The aim of our study was to analyze, the effects of collagen-induced arthritis (that is, the autoimmune reaction and the inflammation) on some liver parameters. We determined the content of proteins, DNA and RNA. Animals with collagen-induced arthritis showed decreased relative content of proteins in liver, compared to controls. On the contrary, the relative content of DNA and RNA were increased in animals treated with collagen. Кеywords: rheumatoid arthritis, collagen-induced arthritis, inflamation, Wistar rats, proteins, DNA, RNA, serum. Introduction