Relationships between fatty acids’ PCA scores, environmental factors and breeding status in female polar bears.

<p>Relationships between fatty acids’ PCA scores, environmental factors and breeding status in female polar bears.</p

Relationships between stable isotope values, environmental factors and breeding status in female polar bears.

<p>Relationships between stable isotope values, environmental factors and breeding status in female polar bears.</p

Ordination plot from fatty acids (FA) principal component analysis (PCA) scores grouped by sampling area.

<p>PCA was based on mass percentage of total dietary FAs relative to FA 18:0, in female polar bears sampled in Svalbard in 2012–2013. The second and third axes explained 16.7% and 12.7% of the total variation, respectively. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155980#pone.0155980.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a> for the interpretation of an ordination plot.</p

Master_all_nests_DS_Dryad

Laying date and temperature dat

Stable isotopes values measured in plasma of female polar bears observed feeding before capture.

<p>Three females with COYs were observed feeding on seabirds (green dot), one female had reindeer hair between the teeth (blue dot), one was observed feeding on a walrus (orange dot), four on three different whale carcasses (red dot) and two on unidentified seals (grey dot).</p

Model selection using the AICc to determine the most parsimonious model explaining variation in stable isotope and fatty acid principal component values of female polar bears sampled in Svalbard in 2012 and 2013.

<p>Model selection using the AICc to determine the most parsimonious model explaining variation in stable isotope and fatty acid principal component values of female polar bears sampled in Svalbard in 2012 and 2013.</p

Summary of diet tracer variations according to sampling area.

<p>Diet tracers include δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C values in plasma (e.g δ¹³C_P) and red blood cells (e.g δ¹⁵N_RBC), and fatty acids principal component first axis values (FA PC3). For each area, seasonal differences in plasma δ¹³C values appear as “δ¹³C_{P_Sp} = δ¹³C_{P_Aut}”, Sp denotes spring and Aut denotes autumn. Each sign (+ or -) denotes direction in significant differences. For example, δ¹⁵N_RBC values are lower in North-West females compared to NESW females but not different from South-East females. Whereas FA PC3 values are higher in North-West females compared to NESW and South-East females. The red stars indicates the positions of whale carcasses, the orange star indicates the position of a bear feeding on a walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus</i>) kill, the green stars a bird cliff where bears have been observed feeding on birds and the blue star represents the position of a bear with reindeer hair between the teeth.</p

Geographical Area and Life History Traits Influence Diet in an Arctic Marine Predator - Fig 5

<p><b>Relationship between blood stable isotopes and (A) sampling area, (B) season and (C) breeding status.</b> Nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) and carbon (δ¹³C) stable isotope values were measured in plasma (circles) and red blood cells (triangles). Seasons are spring (samples from April) and autumn (samples from September). Breeding status indicates whereas the female was accompanied or not with cubs and their age: solitary females (Solitary), females with cubs of the year (with COYs) and females with yearlings (with YRLs). We sampled female polar bears in Svalbard in 2012 and 2013. Circles/triangles represent medians and bars standard error.</p

Location of the 112 samples collected from 78 females in Svalbard.

<p>Female polar bears were captured in 2012 and 2013. Each circle represents a polar bear sampled for blood and adipose tissue. The three regions are represented by different colors: North-West (orange dots), North-East/South-West diagonal (blue dots) and South-East (grey dots).</p

F-, p-values and parameter estimates for the analyses of covariance between life-history traits (dependent variables) of breeding female great skuas (<i>Stercorarius skua</i>) and winter feather corticosterone levels (pg/mm) and breeding colony (i.e., Bjørnøya, Iceland and Shetland) used as independent variables (additive model excluding the interaction).

<p>Parameter estimate values are given for the following factor: Colony: Bjørnøya. Numbers in bold indicate significant p-values (p<0.05). s.e., standard error.</p