Theoretical framework of the Industry 4.0 risks from sustainability perspective

Industry 4.0 is a topic little discussed today, especially in relation to the possible negative risks generated by it. In this way, this work aims to raise and discuss the risks of the Fourth Industrial Revolution currently found in the literature from a sustainability perspective and develop a theoretical framework to represent them. For this, a methodology of systematic analysis of the literature was used to relate the relevant works to the theme and thus to discuss them. Two databases (Scopus and Web of Science) were used in which 7772 articles were evaluated, of which 66 were used for the discussion. The 28 risks found were grouped into four dimensions (Economic Risks, Social Risks, Environmental Risks, and Technological Risks) where their relationships were studied and represent in the theoretical framework constructed. In this way, in addition to contributing to the academy building more theoretical contribution to the theme, the risks raised can help managers and companies to checkpoints of attention before implanting technologies and concepts of industry 4.0.

UM ESTUDO QUANTITATIVO SOBRE OS RISCOS DA INDÚSTRIA 4.0 NO CONTEXTO INDUSTRIAL: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA

RESUMOA Indústria 4.0 é um tema em ascensão tanto no meio acadêmico como no contexto prático de empresas. As pesquisas atuais focam seus esforços nos estudos dos benefícios dos conceitos e tecnologias envolvidos no conceito da Quarta Revolução Industrial, no entanto, poucas procuram entender quais os pontos negativos. Dessa forma, através de uma revisão bibliográfica sistematizada realizada em janeiro de 2019, esse estudo procura entender quais são riscos em evidência na literatura que empresas do setor industrial podem enfrentar no contexto da Indústria 4.0. Foram selecionados 66 artigos através das bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science, os quais foram bibliometricamente estudados em relação aos autores e periódicos mais relevantes. Em seguida, estudando os 28 riscos mapeados na literatura por Soltovski et al. (2019), foi possível entender quais são mais representativos na literatura na perspectiva da sustentabilidade (ambiental, econômico e social) e na perspectiva tecnológica. De forma geral, descobrimos que os riscos relacionados à conectividade, como cyber atacks e vazamento de dados privados através de tecnologias, como Internet das Coisas, são os mais discutidos na literatura. Além disso, constatamos que existe carência de estudos na perspectiva ambiental e econômica. Por fim, foram sumarizadas contribuições gerenciais e potenciais direcionamentos para futuros pesquisadores.Palavras-chave: Indústria 4.0. Sustentabilidade. Gestão de Risco. ABSTRACTIndustry 4.0 is a growing topic, both in academia and in the practical context of companies. Current research focuses its efforts on studies of benefits and technologies involved in the concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, however, they rarely understand what the negative points are. Thus, through a systematic literature review conducted in January 2019, this study can understand what are the risks in evidence in the literature that companies in the industrial sector may face in the context of Industry 4.0. 66 articles were selected on the Scopus and Web of Science databases, which are the bibliometrically studied in relation to the most relevant authors and journals. Then, studying the 28 risks mapped in the literature by Soltovski et al. (2019), it was possible to understand which are the most representative in the literature from the perspective of sustainability (environmental, economic and social) and from a technological perspective. In general, we found that risks related to connectivity such as cyber attacks and data leakage are using technologies like the Internet of Things that are most discussed in the literature. In addition, we note that there is a lack of studies from an environmental and economic perspective. Finally, managerial contributions were summarized and directed to future researchers.Keywords: Industry 4.0. Sustainability. Risk Management