62 research outputs found
Optimasi Pemanfaatan Tanaman Transgenik
Human effort on improving agricultural crops has been expanding very rapidly, and recently by using gene transformation technology it was possible to introduce genes from biologically unrelated organisms into plant genomes. Gene transformation technology, known as transgenic technology, has been successfully introduced gene encoding insecticidal compound from bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis into several crops, for example. Introducing new technology is offering several advantages but also brings several disadvantages however since the technology isImportant for maintaining increase of crop production, it was necessary to optimize utilization of transgenic technology
Interaksi Genotipe X Lingkungan Hasil dan Komponen Hasil 14 Genotipe Tomat di Empat Lingkungan Dataran Rendah
Genotype x environment interaction (GxE) information is needed by plant breeders to assist the identification of superior genotype. Stability analysis can be done if there is a GxE interaction, to show the stability of a genotype when planted in different environments. This study aimed to estimate the effects of genotype x environment interaction on yield and yield components of fruit weight per plant as well as to look at the stability of 14 tomato genotypes at four lowland locations. The study was conducted at four locations, namely Purwakarta, Lombok, Tajur and Leuwikopo. Experiments at each location was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Stability analysis was performed using the AMMI model. Fruit weight, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant and total fruit weight per plant characters showed highly significant genotype x environment interactions. Variability due to the effect of GxE interaction based on a AMMI2 contributed by 88.50%. IPBT3, IPBT33, IPBT34, IPBT60 and Intan were stable genotypes under AMMI model
Identifikasi Spesies Cabai Rawit (Capsicum Spp.) Berdasarkan Daya Silang dan Karakter Morfologi
The chili consists of several species, five of which have been cultivated, namely C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum, and C. pubescens. The classifications of these species are based on: 1) morphological characters, especially floral morphology, 2) crossability between species, and 3) fertile hybrids between species. Species C. baccatum and C. pubescens can be easily identified and distinguished from one another, because there are obvious differences in the two species. However the species C. annuum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens has many common characteristics, so it is difficult to distinguish morphologically. The purpose of this study was to identify capsicum species based on crossability and morphological characters. The crossability experiment was done in housing area TDP 2 Ciampea Bogor from January to December 2013 and the morphological characteristics at Leuwikopo experimental station, IPB. The morphological characters experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on successful crosses, seed viability of successful crosses and morphological characters based on descriptor for capsicum IPGRI. The percentage of successful crosses involving IPBC10 and IPBC145 (C. annuum) as female parents and 20 genotypes as male parents ranged between 0-90%; and using IPBC295 (C. frutescens) as female parent was 40%. Genotypes which had successful results equals 40% were alleged as C. frutescens species (IPBC61, IPBC139, IPBC63, IPBC163, IPBC289, IPBC288, IPBC294 and IPBC285). Principal component and of clusters analysis suggests that there are two species groups, i.e. C. annuum and C. frutescens
Identifikasi Morfologi Dan Marka Molekuler Terpaut Sifat Tidak Berbunga Jantan Pada Mutan Pisang Kepok
Salah satu masalah dalam pengembangan produksi pisang ialah penyakit darah. Infeksi penyakit ini dapat dikurangi dengan menanam pisang kepok mutan tidak berbunga jantan. Penerapan teknik kultur jaringan dapat menyediakan benih seragam secara cepat dan dalam waktu yang singkat. Namun, penggunaan teknik kultur jaringan dapat menginduksi variasi somaklonal. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang stabilitas genetik dan keseragaman morfologi pada benih hasil kultur jaringan. Penelitian dilakukan dari Bulan Agustus 2012 sampai Mei 2013. Identifikasi morfologi pisang dilaksanakan di Kebun Koleksi PKHT Ciomas, Bogor. Analisis molekuler dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Molekuler PKHT. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari karakter morfologi mutan pisang kepok Unti Sayang tidak berbunga jantan dan mengidentifikasi marka molekuler terpaut sifat tidak berbunga jantan. Identifikasi karakter morfologi dari 24 sampel tanaman dilakukan menggunakan panduan deskriptor dari International Plant Genetic Research Institute. Identifikasi marka molekuler dilakukan berdasarkan teknik PCR, menggunakan 20 primer RAPD, 12 primer ISSR, serta primer gen Pistillata, dan Agamous yang didesain berdasarkan informasi database sekuen DNA Musa acuminata yang terdapat di gene bank. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tidak ada variasi morfologi antara tipe liar, tanaman mutan, dan tanaman mutan yang kembali berbunga jantan, kecuali ada atau tidaknya bunga jantan. Analisis PCR dari 24 sampel tanaman menggunakan 20 primer RAPD dan 12 primer ISSR berturut-turut menghasilkan 379 dan 216 pita yang seragam. Hal yang sama juga ditemukan dari hasil amplifikasi DNA menggunakan primer Pistillata dan Agamous yang menghasilkan pita tunggal pada semua sampel. Analisis sekuen fragmen PCR hasil amplifikasi dengan primer gen Pistillata menunjukkan terdapat tiga nukleotida yang berbeda antara tipe liar dan tanaman mutan yang kembali berbunga jantan pada posisi 445, 461, dan 507
Pengembangan Marka Molekuler Yang Berasosiasi Dengan Kekuatan Dinding Sel Penyusun Saluran Getah Kuning Pada Manggis
Salah satu masalah utama dalam peningkatan kualitas buah manggis ialah pencemaran buah oleh getah kuning akibat pecahnya sel penyusun saluran getah kuning. Seleksi buah manggis untuk mendapatkan buah bebas getah kuning dapat dibantu dengan memanfaatkan marka molekuler terpaut karakter kekuatan dinding sel penyusun saluran getah kuning. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropik (PKHT), Institut Pertanian Bogor Jawa Barat, pada Bulan Mei 2012 sampai dengan April 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan marka molekuler yang berasosiasi dengan sifat kekuatan dinding sel penyusun saluran getah kuning pada manggis. Sebanyak 39 aksesi Garcinia mangostana L. koleksi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, Sumatera Barat dan hasil koleksi dari Desa Leuwiliang, Jawa Barat digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dua pasang primerdikembangkan dari sekuen gen kekuatan dinding sel manggis dengan teknik tersarang (nested PCR). Amplifikasi DNA dilakukan dengan teknik PCR standar. Hasil amplifikasi DNA menunjukkan satu pita DNA berukuran ± 260 pb yang polimorf antara tanaman dengan buah tercemar getah kuning dan tidak tercemar getah kuning. Pita tersebut berasosiasi dengan sifat kekuatan dinding sel penyusun saluran getah kuning
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