Mucosubstances of the digestive tract mucosa in northern pike (Esox lucius L.) and european catfish (Silurus glanis L.)

digestive tract mucosa in northern pike (Esox lucius L.) and european catfish (Siluru

Mukopolisaharidi u sluznici probavnog trakta štuke (Esox lucius L. ) i soma (Silurus glanis L.).

The distribution and quality of mucosubstances in the digestive tract of pike (Esox lucius) and catfish (Silurus glanis) is described. The digestive tract of pike and catfish is short, in accordance with their predatory nature, and consists of oesophagus, stomach and intestine. The oesophagus is short, with longitudinal folds. The mucosa of pike oesophagus is stratified and contains two types of mucous cells: in contrast to catfish oesophagus there is only one type of mucous cell. The stomach is an elongated sac-like structure with glands in lamina propria. In pike the gastric glands are simply tubular, but in catfish they are branched tubular and surrounded by connective tissue. The intestines in both fishes are short with many intestinal villi. Many goblet cells are situated between superficial epithelial cells.Istraživana su svojstva i raspored mukosubstancija u probavnom traktu štuke i soma. Probavni trakt istraživanih riba je jednostavne građe i sastoji se od jednjaka, želuca i relativno kratkog crijeva. U sluznici štuke opažaju se dva tipa stanica koje pokazuju prisutnost neutralnih mukopolisaharida, a kiseli mukopolisaharidi nađeni su samo u mukoznim stanicama bazalnog dijela epitela. U jednjaku soma opisan je samo jedan tip okruglih mukoznih stanica u kojima su nađeni neutralni mukopolisaharidi, a samo neke od njih sadrže i kisele mukopolisaharide. Želudac je vrećastog oblika sa žlijezdama u lamini propriji. U žlijezdama nisu dokazani mukopolisaharidi, no nađeni su u površinskom epitelu. U štuke su neutralnih i kiselih osobina, a u soma su uglavnom neutralni s manjom količinom kiselih. Mješavina neutralnih i kiselih mukopolisaharida prisutna je u vrčastim stanicama crijeva. Broj vrčastih stanica veći je u crijevu soma nego štuke

Mouse Myelinating Oligodendrocyte Differentiation In Vitro

Stanice živčanog sustava, neuroni i glija-stanice razvijaju se iz istih matičnih stanica uz izražaj karakterističnih biljega. Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je istražiti diferencijaciju oligodendrocita te analizirati izražaj biljega karakterističnih za pojedini stadij stanica. Istraživanje je provedeno na stanicama izoliranim od novorođenih Thy1 miševa koji pod utjecajem promotora gena Thy1 izražavaju zelenu fluorescentnu bjelančevinu u pojedinim neuronima. Izolirani progenitori oligodendrocita diferencirani su do zrelih, mijelinizirajućih oligodendrocita. Stanice su fiksirane 1., 3., 5. i 7. dan diferencijacije te je na njima učinjena imunocitokemija. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da je prvog dana diferencijacije 99 % stanica olig2, sox2 i nestin-pozitivno. Već prvog dana diferencijacije 88 ± 2 % stanica je o4 i o1-pozitivno, dok je svega 10 % stanica gfap-pozitivno. Tijekom diferencijacije stanica udio stanica olig2 smanjuje se do 8 ± 2 %, dok se peti dan diferencijacije pojavljuju zreli mijelinizirajući oligodendrociti koji su pozitivni na mbp i plp. Sedmi dan diferencijacije udio stanica pozitivnih na mbp iznosi 13 ± 2 % stanica, dok udio stanica pozitivnih na plp iznosi 84 ± 3 % stanica. Zaključno, rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da se stanice tijekom sedam dana uzgoja in vitro mogu u potpunosti diferencirati od progenitora oligodendrocita do zrelih, mijelinizirajućih oligodendrocita koji mogu obavljati mijelinizaciju.Cells of the nervous system, neurons, and glia-cells originate from the same stem cell population with the expression of specific markers. The main goal of our study was to analyse the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and show the expression of cell stage-characteristic markers. The study was performed on cells isolated from newborn Thy1 mouse pups. Thy1 mice, under the promoter of the Thy1 gene, express a green fluorescent protein in some neurons. Oligodendrocyte progenitors were differentiated into mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. The cells were fixed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days of differentiation and analysed by immunocytochemistry. Our results showed that on the 1st day of differentiation, 99 % of cells were olig2, sox2, and nestin positive. Moreover, on the 1st day of differentiation 88 ± 2 % of cells were o4 and o1 positive, while only 10 % of cells were gfap positive. During cell differentiation, the proportion of olig2 positive cells decreased to 8 ± 2 %, while on the 5th day of differentiation we observed mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes, mbp, and plp positive cells. On the 7th day of differentiation, 13 ± 2 % of cells were mbp positive, while 84 ± 3 % of cells were plp positive. In conclusion, the results of our study showed that cells could be com pletely differentiated, from oligodendrocyte progenitors to mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. Mature cells showed myelination of neighbor cells

Animals Finds from Torčec - Gradić Archaeological Site

Arheozoološkom analizom obuhvaćeno je 22 (2002. g.) te 611 (2003. g.) kostiju, odlomaka kostiju i pojedinačnih zuba s arheološkog nalazišta Torčec - Gradić, Koprivničko-križevačka županija, Hrvatska. Taksonomski su određena dva nalaza (phalanx proximalis i os tarsi centroquartale, domaćeg goveda, Bos taurus L. 1758) iz prve godine istraživanja (2002.; SJ 001, 002, 003; IV i V stratigrafska faza). Iz druge godine istraživanja (2003.; SJ 002, 023, 024, 025, 026, 029, 032, 033, 034, 035, 038, 040, 041; stratigrafske faze lokaliteta IV i V) taksonomski je određena pripadnost za 164 nalaza. Prevladavaju nalazi iz skupine Sus sp. (domaća i divlja svinja) te domaće govedo, a malobrojni su nalazi ptica, pasa i ostale divljači.Archaeozoology (AZ) is multidisciplinary science, which integrate knowledge from biology, veterinary medicine and archaeology. AZ analysis usually includes research on archaeological site and in the AZ laboratory. In this paper, 633 specimens of bones, bone fragments and teeth of domestic and wild animals were submitted to AZ analysis. Those specimens originated from Middle ages (13-15 century), from Torčec-Gradić site. Mechanical treatment were done on archaeological site, and laboratory analysis yield data about determination skeletal remains, distributions upon taxonomic category and taphonomical factors or tracks on the bones. The most represented are limb bones, than bones of head and trunk. According to 164 taxonomic determinate specimens, the most common animals were Sus sp. category and domestic cattle. Mechanical alterations were noticed on some fragments. They include tracks of a knife and very interesting holes on two skeletal elements

Patogenost trakavice Atractolytocestus huronensis za šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.) iz uzgoja.

This study presents data on the pathogenic effect of a non-native cestode, Atractolytocestus huronensis (Caryophyllidea), on common carp cultured at a fish farm in Croatia. Histopathological examination revealed that A. huronensis causes only local damage within the infected part of the intestine. No differences were observed in the pathological effect of the tapeworm on fish of different age classes. In the farm studied, no mortalities or increased losses during wintertime were observed. The cestode was found in all examined age classes (i.e. carp fry, one-year old and two-year old carp), and the intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 183 parasites per fish (mostly 4 to 9). The highest prevalence was observed during August in both one- and two-year old carp, with an absence of parasites in April and during the winter period (end of December).U radu je prikazan patološki učinak trakavice Atractolytocestus huronensis (Caryophyllidea) na šarana, podrijetlom s ribnjačarstva smještenog u Republici Hrvatskoj. Histopatološki nalaz pokazao je da, neovisno o uzrasnoj skupini šarana, Atractolytocestus huronensis uzrokuje samo ograničena oštećenja na mjestu prihvaćanja. Kao posljedica nametničke invazije, nisu utvrđena uginuća niti povećani gubitci tijekom zime. Prisutnost trakavice utvrđena je u svim pregledanim uzrasnim skupinama (mladunci, jednogodišnji i dvogodišnji mlađ) s jačinom invazije od 1 do 183 nametnika po domaćinu (najčešće od 4 do 9). Najviša prevalencija kod jednogodišnjega i dvogodišnjega mlađa utvrđena je u kolovozu, dok u travnju i tijekom zime (kraj prosinca) trakavica nije pronađena

Razvoj donjočeljusnog luka u brancina, Dicentrarchus labrax L. iz uzgajališta "Cenmar", Hrvatska.

The mandibular arch ossification process in Dicentrarchus labrax L. is described from day 15 to day 80 post-hatching (DPH). Data on this aspect of larval development were presented for both tne DPH and average standard length (Ls). Samples were collected in the "Cenmar" hatchery, near Zadar, Croatia. Preparation techniques included fixation in buffered formalin, trypsin clearing and staining with alcian blue and alizarin red. At 15 DPF (Ls 5,0 mm); there were no bony elements in the mandibular arch. The ethmoid plate represented the roof of the splanchnocranium, while Meckel\u27s cartilage, hyosymplectic and cartilaginous palato-quadrates formed lateral walls. Cartilaginous basibranchial, hyoid bar and branchial basket constituted the bottom of the oral cavity. The first bony elements to be noticed were maxillaries (20 DPH, Ls 5,9 mm), followed by premaxillaries and dentaries (25 DPH, Ls 7,9 mm) - all with dermal (membranous) ossification. Ossification of other mandibular arch elements (angular, quadrate, retroarticular, palatine and ectopterygoid bone) was noticed at 38 DPH, Ls 14,5 mm. Pharyngeal jaws and teeth on premaxillaries and dentaries were noticed at the same time. Ossification process of the above mentioned elements (particulary quadrate bone) appears to be completed at 80 DPH, Ls 32,2 mm. Results are discussed in view of the ontogeny process connected with vital requirements in the environment.Proces okoštavanja donjočeljusnog luka brancina, Dicentrarchus labrax L. opisan je od 15. dana poslije valenja (DPV) do 80. DPV. Navedeni razvoj je prikazan istodobno prema dobi ličinke izraženoj u danima poslije valenja i srednjoj standardnoj dužini ličinke. Uzorci su bili podrijetlom iz uzgajališta "Cenmar" pokraj Zadra, Hrvatska. Postupak pripreme uzoraka obuhvatio je njihovo držanje u formalinu, uklanjanje pigmenta tkiva tripsinom te bojanje alcijanskim modrilom i alizarinskim crvenilom. Na uzorcima uzetim 15. DPV, (Ls 5,0 mm) nisu zamijećeni koštani dijelovi donjočeljusnog luka. Etmoidna ploča činila je gornji dio, a Mekelova hrskavica, nepčano-kvadratna i hiosimpletična hrskavica postrane osnove usne šupljine. Bazibranhialna hrskavica zajedno s drugim branhialnim hrskavicama predstavljala je dno iste šupljine. Prvi uočeni koštani dijelovi bile su maksile (20. DPV, Ls 5,9 mm), zatim premaksile te dentalne kosti (25. DPV, Ls 7,9 mm), sve nastale membranoznim okoštavanjem. Okoštavanje drugih dijelova viličnog luka (angularne, kvadratne, retroartikularne, nepčane i ektopterigoidalne kosti) su uočene 38. DPV, Ls 14,5mm. Proces okoštavanja na navedenim dijelovima, čini se završenim 80. DPV, Ls 32,2 mm. Rezultati su razmatrani u smislu povezanosti ontogeneze i odgovora ličinke na okolišne uvjete

An Arheozoological Analysis of Teeth of Lower Jaw of Pigs Coming from the Kostolac Culture (3,250–3,000 B.C.), Originating from Vučedol, Including Comparison with Recent

An investigation has been made within the expertise regarding teeth of 10 left halves of mandibles of recent sows as well as teeth of 18 pig mandibles originating from Kostolac culture (3,250 –3,000 B.C.) from Vu~edol archaeological location. TWS (Tooth Wear Stage) has been determined at all molars, according to Grant method1 and a corresponding numerical equivalent has been added, so MWS (Mandibular Wear Stage) has been obtained by summing up the above. On the basis of these values and ranges of MWS, an approximate age at the time of death has been determined for each unit. All the recent units have been older than 17 months, while the age of Kostolac units has come out to be between 14 and 17 months