5,724 research outputs found
Pluto's Light Curve in 1933-1934
We are reporting on a new accurate photographic light curve of Pluto for
1933-1934 when the heliocentric distance was 40 AU. We used 43 B-band and
V-band images of Pluto on 32 plates taken on 15 nights from 19 March 1933 to 10
March 1934. Most of these plates were taken with the Mount Wilson 60" and 100"
telescopes, but 7 of the plates (now at the Harvard College Observatory) were
taken with the 12" and 16" Metcalf doublets at Oak Ridge. The plates were
measured with an iris diaphragm photometer, which has an average one-sigma
photometric error on these plates of 0.08 mag as measured by the repeatability
of constant comparison stars. The modern B and V magnitudes for the comparison
stars were measured with the Lowell Observatory Hall 1.1-m telescope. The
magnitudes in the plate's photographic system were converted to the Johnson B-
and V-system after correction with color terms, even though they are small in
size. We find that the average B-band mean opposition magnitude of Pluto in
1933-1934 was 15.73 +- 0.01, and we see a roughly sinusoidal modulation on the
rotational period (6.38 days) with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.11 +- 0.03
mag. With this, we show that Pluto darkened by 5% from 1933-1934 to 1953-1955.
This darkening from 1933-1934 to 1953-1955 cannot be due to changing viewing
geometry (as both epochs had identical sub-Earth latitudes), so our
observations must record a real albedo change over the southern hemisphere. The
later darkening trend from 1954 to the 1980s has been explained by changing
viewing geometry (as more of the darker northern hemisphere comes into view).
Thus, we now have strong evidence for albedo changes on the surface of Pluto,
and these are most easily explained by the systematic sublimation of frosts
from the sunward pole that led to a drop in the mean surface albedo.Comment: Icarus in press, 24 page
THE IMPACT OF AN AGING RURAL POPULATION ON LOCAL TAX STRUCTURES
The growing American retired population increasingly is viewed for its economic development potential. The relationship between the elderly and local taxes may have a critical effect on this potential, however. This paper examines the local tax implications of an increasing elderly population in communities prohibiting tax referenda. In such communities, citizens have no direct role in tax decisions. The elderly's attitudes towards different local taxes are examined using telephone survey data, before using aggregate data to investigate the relationship between the elderly and the specific taxes used in communities. The results suggest that a high proportion of elderly do not affect the mix of local taxes, but that an increasing proportion does have an influence.Community/Rural/Urban Development,
Hostile personality traits and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and older married couples: different effects for self-reports versus spouse ratings
Journal ArticleTo examine the association between hostile personality traits and coronary artery disease (CAD) and the role of aspects of hostility, method of assessment, and age as influences on its magnitude, as prior studies of hostility and coronary artery calcification (CAC) have produced conflicting findings. Methods: Participants included 300 married couples (mean age = 54.4 years) free from diagnosed CAD. Participants completed four measures of hostility-self-reports and spouse ratings of angry hostility (i.e., tendency to experience anger) and antagonism (i.e., argumentative, mistrusting, and cold interpersonal behavior)
Battling on the Home Front: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Conflict Behavior Among Military Couples
This study evaluated interpersonal behavior differences among male military service members with and without PTSD and their female partners. Couples (N = 64) completed a 17-minute videotaped conflict discussion, and their interaction behavior was coded using the circumplex-based Structural Analysis of Social Behavior model (SASB; Benjamin, 1979, 1987, 2000). Within couples, the behavior of partners was very similar. Compared to military couples without PTSD, couples with PTSD displayed more interpersonal hostility and control. Couples with PTSD also exhibited more sulking, blaming, and controlling behavior, and less affirming and connecting behavior, than couples without PTSD. Results advance our understanding of the relational impacts of PTSD on military service members and their partners, and underscore the value of couple-based interventions for PTSD in the context of relationship distress
Envirnonmental Standards for Northern Regions: A Symposium
Symposium was held June 13-14, 1974 in Anchorage, Alaska.The environmental standards for water, air, and land are of prime
importance to all members of the northern community. Many of the ecological
systems are easily disrupted. Some of the systems are extremely stable.
Although the volume of scientific and engineering research on various aspects
of the total environment is expanding rapidly it appears that those studying
the conditions that exist and those setting the standards for these areas
seldom, if ever, communicate. Due to the increased attention being paid to
the meaning and impact of regulations, the sponsors of this symposium proposed
an opportunity for open discussion of the issues. The program was
designed to address the full range of environmental situations.
The principal objectives of this symposium were:
1. to review environmental standards and regulations
2. to identify environmental problem areas
3. to examine the adequacy, pertinence, enforcement, and effectiveness
of environmental control in the North.
While these objectives could not be completely satisfied by this
meeting, doors were opened; participants discussed issues brought forth;
and progress was made toward a better understanding of needed environmental
standards for northern regions.Financial support for this symposium was provided by the University
of Alaska - Division of Statewide Services, Program of Environmental Quality
Engineering, and the Institute of Water Resources. These organizations are
acknowledged for their participation
Changes in 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose incorporation, hexokinase activity and lactate production by breast cancer cells responding to treatment with the anti-HER-2 antibody trastuzumab
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Marital discord and coronary artery disease: a comparison of behaviorally defined discrete groups
Journal ArticleObjective: Marital difficulties can confer risk of coronary heart disease, as in a study of outwardly healthy couples (T. W. Smith et al., 2011) where behavioral ratings of low affiliation and high control during marital disagreements were associated with asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). However, taxometric studies suggest that marital discord is more accurately represented by discrete groups, rather than continuous dimensions. To determine if a categorical representation of marital discord was also related to CAD, discordant and nondiscordant groups were identified via cluster analysis in further analyses of the T. W. Smith et al. (2011) study. Method: One hundred fifty healthy couples (M age = 63.5) completed a marital disagreement discussion, self-reports of anxiety and anger during the disagreement, and self-report measures of marital adjustment. CAD was measured as coronary artery calcification (CAC) via computed tomography scans. Results: In a 2-group cluster solution, 31% of couples were characterized as discordant, with higher levels of hostility and dominance and lower levels of warmth compared with the nondiscordant group. Discordant couples reported lower marital adjustment and greater negative affect during the discussion. Controlling biomedical and behavioral risk factors, discordant couples had greater CAC (p = .029, η2 = .035). Discordant and nondiscordant groups defined via self-reported marital adjustment did not differ in CAC (p = .17, η2 = .014). Conclusions: Marital discord defined categorically and with behavioral observations was associated with greater levels of asymptomatic CAD. Marital discord is associated with higher risk at early stages of coronary heart disease, but commonly used self-reports may underestimate this risk
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