The problem of awareness among young people from different countries of preventive against hepatitis B

The article deals with the problem of the awareness among Russian and German students about the ways of transmission and preventive measures of hepatitis B. The problem of young people's attitude to the vaccination as the most effective method of the prevention is highlighted. The results of the survey on this topic among students are presented.В статье рассмотрена проблема осведомленности русских и немецких студентов о путях передачи и методах профилактики гепатита В. Освещена проблема отношения молодежи к вакцинации как наиболееВ статье рассмотрена проблема осведомленности русских и немецких студентов о путях передачи и методах профилактики гепатита В. Освещена проблема отношения молодежи к вакцинации как наиболее эффективному способу профилактики. Приведены результаты анкетирования на данную тему среди студентов

Influence of Near-Alpha Titanium Alloy Sample Surface Preparation on the Results of X-Ray Powder Diffraction Analysis

Samples of two near-α titanium alloys were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface of the samples was prepared by mechanical polishing with diamond pastes of various grains and electrochemical polishing.Методом рентгеновского дифракционного анализа были исследованы образцы псевдо-α титановых сплавов ПТ3В и ПТ7М, поверхность которых была подготовлена методом механической полировки алмазными пастами различной дисперсности и электрохимической полировки.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ в рамках гранта № 19–73–00295

Клинический случай парадоксальной эмболии, вызвавшей острый инфаркт миокарда после тромбоза глубоких вен

Paradoxical thromboembolism due to the presence of an patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a rather rare phenomenon, especially when an embolism results in acute myocardial infarction (MI). The presented clinical case of the paradoxical embolism is interesting for several reasons: firstly, the patient's primary disease was deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary artery thromboembolism (PATE); secondly, apparently, it was due to PATE and the subsequent overload of the right side of the heart that thelatent embolism became apparent; thirdly, the paradoxical embolism was apparently caused by the fragments of alarge thrombus stuck in PFO, fourthly, the current clinical situation was ambiguous with respect to medical decisions, primarily concerning antithrombotic therapy.Парадоксальная тромбоэмболия из-за наличия открытого овального окна (ООО) - явление довольно редкое, тем более когда в результате эмболии развивается острый инфаркт миокарда (ИМ). Представленный клинический случай парадоксальной эмболии интересен по нескольким причинам: во-первых, первичным заболеванием у пациента стал тромбоз глубоких вен (ТГВ) и тромбоэмболия легочной артерии (ТЭЛА), во-вторых, по-видимому, именно из-за ТЭЛА и последующей перегрузки правых отделов сердца скрытое ООО стало явным, в-третьих, причиной парадоксальной эмболии стали, по-видимому, фрагменты большого тромба, застрявшего в ООО, в-четвертых, сложившаяся клиническая ситуация была неоднозначной в отношении принятия медицинских решений, в первую очередь касающихся антитромботической терапии

Применение селективной гемосорбции и гемодиафильтрации у пациента с рабдомиолизом токсического генеза, осложненным острым почечным повреждением

Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is a clinical and laboratory syndrome accompanied by systemic endotoxicosis, a consequence of myocyte destruction and is manifested by acute kidney injury (AKI). The use of extracorporeal detoxification in the early stages of AKI is currently not recognized due to the lack of proven effectiveness.The objective: to demonstrate the effectiveness of selective hemoperfusion (HP) and hemodiafiltration (HDF) in a patient with toxic RM complicated by AKI.Subjects and methods. The article presents a clinical observation of an 18-year-old patient after the use of 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) with development of AKI. Clinical, laboratory, diagnostic, toxicological and instrumental methods of examination were used. HP and HDF were used together with standard intensive therapy.Results. Combined use of HP and HDF was accompanied by regression of markers of endotoxicosis and AKI. A decrease in myoglobin level was noted by 50.3%, 80.3% and 94.1%, respectively, after the 1st and 2nd procedures and by the 5th day. CPK (creatine phosphokinase) decreased by 47.7%, 81.5% and 97.8%, respectively. Cystatin-C went down by 19.3%, 39.9% and 69.9%, respectively.Conclusions. Earlier and justified use of HP and HDF was accompanied by a rapid improvement of clinical and laboratory parameters, which is reflected in the duration of ICU stay, hospital stay and the outcome of the disease in general.Рабдомиолиз (РМ) – клинико-лабораторный синдром, сопровождающийся системным эндотоксикозом вследствие деструкции миоцитов и проявляющийся острым почечным повреждением (ОПП). Применение экстракорпоральной детоксикации на ранних этапах ОПП в настоящее время не получило признания вследствие отсутствия доказанной эффективности.Цель исследования: демонстрация эффективности применения селективной гемосорбции (СГ) и гемодиафильтрации (ГДФ) у пациента с токсическим РМ, осложненным ОПП.Материалы и методы: клиническое наблюдение пациента 18 лет после употребления 4-метилметкатинона (мефедрон) с развитием ОПП. Использовали клинико-лабораторные, диагностические, токсикологические и инструментальные методы обследования. Совместно со стандартной интенсивной терапией применяли СГ и ГДФ.Результаты. Комбинированное применение СГ и ГДФ сопровождалось регрессией маркеров эндотоксикоза и ОПП. Снижение уровня миоглобина отмечено на 50,3, 80,3 и 94,1% соответственно после 1-й, 2-й процедуры и к 5-м сут; креатинфосфокиназы ‒ на 47,7, 81,5 и 97,8% соответственно; цистатина-С ‒ на 19,3, 39,9 и 69,9% соответственно.Выводы: раннее и обоснованное применение СГ и ГДФ сопровождалось быстрым улучшением клинико-лабораторной картины, что отразилось в сроках пребывания в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии, стационаре и исходе заболевания в целом

Coating of Silicon Nitride with Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet

For the plating of silicon nitride nanoparticles, the Pechini method (with the addition of citric acid) and synthesis with a gelatin were proposed. The obtained powders were investigated by the methods of X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy, qualitative composition of samples was determined, the influence of the synthesis method on garnet phase formation and coating character was studied.Для плакирования наночастиц нитрида кремня были рассмотрены метод соосаждения, метод Печини (с добавлением лимонной кислоты) и осаждение в желатиновой матрице. Полученные порошки были исследованы методами рентгенофазового анализа и растровой электронной микроскопии, определен качественный состав проб, изучено влияние метода синтеза на формирование фазы граната и характер покрытия.Исследование выполнено по гранту при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19–33–60084

Influence of the Effect of Carbon Impurity on the Phase Composition of Ceramics Produced by the Method of Electric Pulse Plasma Sintering

Carbon impurity effect during spark plasma sintering due to the sample and graphite mold surfaces contact can lead to a changes in the phase composition of the sintered ceramics. The carbon influence effect on the phase composition in ceramics based on Si3N4 with Y2O3-Al2O3 addition is observed.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-33-60084

MicroRNA-96 Directly Inhibits γ-Globin Expression in Human Erythropoiesis

Fetal hemoglobin, HbF (α2γ2), is the main hemoglobin synthesized up to birth, but it subsequently declines and adult hemoglobin, HbA (α2β2), becomes predominant. Several studies have indicated that expression of the HbF subunit γ-globin might be regulated post-transcriptionally. This could be confered by ∼22-nucleotide long microRNAs that associate with argonaute proteins to specifically target γ-globin mRNAs and inhibit protein expression. Indeed, applying immunopurifications, we found that γ-globin mRNA was associated with argonaute 2 isolated from reticulocytes that contain low levels of HbF (<1%), whereas association was significantly lower in reticulocytes with high levels of HbF (90%). Comparing microRNA expression in reticulocytes from cord blood and adult blood, we identified several miRNAs that were preferentially expressed in adults, among them miRNA-96. The overexpression of microRNA-96 in human ex vivo erythropoiesis decreased γ-globin expression by 50%, whereas the knock-down of endogenous microRNA-96 increased γ-globin expression by 20%. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays showed that microRNA-96 negatively regulates expression of γ-globin in HEK293 cells, which depends on a seedless but highly complementary target site located within the coding sequence of γ-globin. Based on these results we conclude that microRNA-96 directly suppresses γ-globin expression and thus contributes to HbF regulation

Peculiarities of the influenza viruses circulation and their properties during 2018-2019 epidemic season in Russia and countries of the Northern Hemisphere

Objective. To identify the drift variability of influenza viruses during the period of epidemic rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in the period 2018-2019. The biological and molecular-genetic properties of epidemic strains isolated in certain territories of the Russian Federation were studied and compared with data from the countries of the Northern Hemisphere. Materials and methods. A range of laboratory diagnostic methods has been applied, including immune fluorescence, RT-PCR, sequencing, methods for determining sensitivity to influenza drugs and receptor specificity. Results and discussion. The proportion of influenza viruses was as follows: A (H1N1) pdm09 - 53 %, A (H3N2) - 46 %, B - about 1 %. Cases of severe acute respiratory infections have most often been associated with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus. According to antigenic properties, isolated strains corresponded to the properties of vaccine viruses (A/Michigan/45/2015 - by 99.6 % and A/Singapore INFIMH-16-0019/2016 - by 86 %). The heterogeneity of influenza A virus strains population was revealed as regards individual mutations in hemaglutinin. The influenza B virus population was equally represented by both evolutionary lines (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata-like). Receptor specificity was favorable for the course and outcome of the disease. Among 70 studied epidemic strains, no strains resistant to anti-neuraminidase drugs, oseltamivir and zanamivir, were detected. The article presents WHO recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries of the Northern Hemisphere for 2019-2020, provides data on cases of human infection with avian influenza viruses A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N9) and A(H9N2)

INTERDISCIPLINARY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES "MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY AND ITS COMORBIDITIES"

Clinical guidelines have long been one of the working tools of the modern doctor, helping him quickly navigate the most effective proven methods of treatment and prevention of various diseases, and also to adapt these methods to the specific tasks of their patients and to achieve maximum personalization of treatment. Clinical  practice guidelines are drawn up by professional non-profit associations and are approved by the Scientific Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, while often one recommendation is prepared by two or even three associations. The peculiarity of the recommendations offered to your attention is that not only endocrinologists, but also therapists, cardiologists, gynecologists, gastroenterologists, and experts of many other specialties are involved in the prevention and treatment of obesity. The Multidisciplinary Working Group presents this a project in a multidisciplinary journal to bring together the efforts of several professional associations that associated with the need to pay attention not only to obesity itself but also to comorbid conditions. We are looking forward to constructive criticism and a comprehensive discussion of the problem on the pages of our journal