The Development and Pilot of a Culinary Intervention Designed Using the Social Cognitive Theory to Teach Nutrition to Adolescent Girls

Due to the trend of decreased traditional cooking skills, this study investigated the effectiveness of practical cooking classes on diet quality to reduce the prevalence of obesity in adolescent girls

Identification of isoxsuprine hydrochloride as a neuroprotectant in ischemic stroke through cell-based high-throughput screening.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability and treatment options are limited. A promising approach to accelerate the development of new therapeutics is the use of high-throughput screening of chemical libraries. Using a cell-based high-throughput oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model, we evaluated 1,200 small molecules for repurposed application in stroke therapy. Isoxsuprine hydrochloride was identified as a potent neuroprotective compound in primary neurons exposed to OGD. Isoxsuprine, a β2-adrenergic agonist and NR2B subtype-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, demonstrated no loss of efficacy when administered up to an hour after reoxygenation in an in vitro stroke model. In an animal model of transient focal ischemia, isoxsuprine significantly reduced infarct volume compared to vehicle (137 ± 18 mm3 versus 279 ± 25 mm3, p < 0.001). Isoxsuprine, a peripheral vasodilator, was FDA approved for the treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency and peripheral vascular disease. Our demonstration of the significant and novel neuroprotective action of isoxsuprine hydrochloride in an in vivo stroke model and its history of human use suggest that isoxsuprine may be an ideal candidate for further investigation as a potential stroke therapeutic

Secondary screening of neuroprotective compounds.

<p>Compounds identified through high-throughput screening were administered at 0.1 (white), 1 (light gray), 10 (dark gray), and 100 µM (black) at reoxygenation after 2 hours OGD. Twenty-four hours later, cells survival was measured by TUNEL assay and compared to DMSO vehicle-treated neurons. Compounds providing at least 2-fold increased neuroprotection over vehicle were further investigated. MIA, mianserine hydrochloride, ISO, isoxsuprine hydrochloride, MER, meropenem, MEC, meclofenamic acid, ETI, etilifrine hydrochloride, HAL, haloperidol, MOX, moxonidine, CHL, chlorphenesin carbamate, PRO, prothionamide, EPI, epitiostanol.</p

Dose optimization and time course of administration of neuroprotective compounds.

<p>A. Dose response of compounds administered at reoxygenation after 2(ISO) and etilifrine hydrochloride (ETI) and 200 µM for chlorphenesin carbamate (CHL). Isoxsuprine was significantly more protective at 1 nM compared to 0.01, 0.1, and 100 nM (*, <i>p</i><0.01). Etilifrine was significantly more protective at 1 nM compared to 0.01 and 0.1 nM (*, <i>p</i><0.05). Chlorphenesin carbamate was significantly more neuroprotective at 200 µM compared to all other doses (*, <i>p</i><0.05). B. Time course of administration of compounds at the optimal dose at 0, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after reoxygenation onset. Isoxsuprine and chlorphenesin carbamate demonstrated no decrease in neuroprotection when administered up to 60 minutes after reoxygenation onset. Neuroprotection by etilifrine significantly decreased when administered at 60 minutes versus time 0 (*, <i>p</i><0.01).</p

Neuroprotection by isoxsuprine hydrochloride in an animal stroke model.

<p>A. Representative TTC-stained brain sections showing differences in infarction between animals receiving vehicle or isoxsuprine hydrochloride. B. Effect of isoxsuprine hydrochloride on infarct volume. Isoxsuprine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg, IV) given at the onset of reperfusion after a 90-minute MCAO significantly reduced infarct volume compared to vehicle (137±18 mm³ versus 279±25 mm³), <i>p</i><0.001. Closed circles, vehicle, closed squares, isoxsuprine hydrochloride, n = 7 animals for each group.</p

Neuroprotective compounds identified through high-throughput screening of the Prestwick Chemical Library.

1<p>Compounds previously investigated in models of cerebral ischemia are italicized.</p