Comprehensive Study of Deep Learning

Deep learning is the sub domain of machine learning with the representation learning capability to deal to learn representations of data with multiple levels of abstraction. It provide high computation rate to compose multiple processing layers. Deep learning is about the learning multiple levels of representation of data like image, speech etc. And abstraction means hide the unnecessary detail. Deep learning can identify complex structure easily applied back propagation algorithm on it to specify how a machine can change its internal parameter from the representation

Speech Compression Techniques: An Overview

Speech is the natural phenomena of human for communication purpose. The aim of speech coding is to compress the speech signal to the highest possible compression ratio but maintaining user acceptability. In this paper basically two major approaches for speech compression techniques are discussed like waveform coder: pulse code modulation, adaptive differential pulse code modulation, Sub-band coding, transform coding and vocoder: linear predictive coder, formant coder/synthesis

Radiological and functional outcome of unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral locking plate

Background: Intertrochanteric fracture is a common orthopaedic injury sustained in elderly population because of osteoporosis and trivial fall. Life threatening systemic complications occur mainly due to immobility.Methods: We included 62 patients (40 males and 22 females) of unstable intertrochanteric fracture (AO 31 A2 and A3) attending Department of Orthopaedics. They were all subjected to surgical treatment with proximal femoral locking plate. Patients were followed up at 3rd, 6th and 12th month for outcomes variables i.e.; functional (Harris hip score, Palmer and Parker mobility score) and radiological outcomes (neck shaft angle, loss of reduction, union and implant related complications). Statistical analysis was done using Friedman’s test after calculating the data in terms of mean and median using SPSS 20 software.Results: Mean age of our patients was 64 years, 40 were males and 22 females. 50 patients sustained fracture due to trivial fall and 12 due to RTA. 35 out of 62 patients had medical co-morbidites. 26 patients needed open reduction of fracture and 36 were close reduced. 22 of patients had severe comminution (AO A 3 III type). Average blood loss was 254 ml. Mean degree of loss of reduction was 5 degrees in 6th month and 4 degrees in 12th month. Union was achieved in 48 out of 50 patients at 12th month.  Most of the patients achieved fair to good functional outcome scores at 12th month of follow up. We noticed difficulties in fracture reduction as well as complications related to implant.Conclusions: PFLP is an effective implant in comminuted intertrochanteric fractures with broken lateral wall. Complications can be minimised by following principles of locking plate meticulously

Incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease in females presenting with low backache in orthopedic OPD

Background: Low backache (LBA) is one of the major global public health problems. It causes great disability and distress among females and hampers their day-to-day activities. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the major causes for LBA. Early diagnosis and treatment of PID leads to significant improvement in symptoms of LBA and prevents complications related to PID. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in females attending orthopaedics OPD with complaints of low backache (LBA).Methods: A prospective epidemiological study was done on 200 female patients attending orthopedics OPD. Detailed history was taken followed by thorough examination. Patients were interviewed regarding their age, parity, demographic parameters, associated complaints, type of contraceptive use and addiction status.Results: Out of 200 female patients with LBA, PID was found in 55 (27.5%) patients. Majority (37%) of patients were from the age group of 40-49 years. 65% of patients were of low socio-economic status, 75% females were illiterate, 63.5% females were obese, 28% females were addicted to smoking, 24% tobacco chewing and 76.5% were parous. 53% of patients complained of discharge per vaginum. 42.5% females used oral contraceptive pills and 25.5% females had an intrauterine contraceptive device inserted.Conclusions: The study suggests that PID is a major contributing factor of LBA in female. Therefore, gynecological opinion should be taken for the complete management of LBA among females

BIOPESTICIDES ARE THE NEED OF PRESENT TIME FOR SAFE ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTHY HUMANS

India is one of the most populous countries in the world therefore food problems are of prime importance. Poor population of India amounts to more than 300 million people therefore to achieve food security; grain produced must be protected from depredating agents such as insects and other pests during harvesting as well as storage. The easy handling and relatively cheaper synthetic chemical pesticide controls measure are very common and most widely used in India. One of the major causes of cancer in agriculture workers is excessive use of chemical pesticides. These chemical pesticides cause negative effects on human health and quality of the environment. Ecofriendly alternatives to chemical pesticides are biopesticides because they generally affect only the target pest without any negative effect on human health and the environment. The aim of this review study was to explore the need of biopesticides in present time due to their useful aspects and also due to biological ill effects of synthetic chemical pesticide

Analysis of serum leptin levels as a biomarker in metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients in Okhla industrial area

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a progressive disorder which includes a wide array of disorders i.e. central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. In patients with metabolic syndrome there is an increased risk of mortality due to coronary heart disease, stroke, vascular dysfunction etc. Obesity is one of the most crucial epidemics of modern times and hormone leptin plays an important role in regulation of body weight and energy balance.Methods: A total of 355 individuals were selected from the OPD, Department of general medicine at ESIC hospital, Okhla and it comprised of 196 males and 159 females suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with metabolic syndrome. The data was collected over a year i.e. June 2018 to July 2019. After baseline clinical and anthropometric evaluation, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Post Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS), lipid profile, Insulin (fasting), and leptin levels of the patients were analyzed.Results: Blood sugar fasting, blood sugar post prandial, lipid profile, leptin and insulin levels were increased significantly in female patients as compared to male patients with type 2 diabetic patients and metabolic syndrome.Conclusions: Based on the study results, it was found that leptin correlate significantly with metabolic syndrome and could be used as a biomarker for the early detection of the disease

Compensating for non-linear distortions in controlled quantum systems

Predictive design and optimization methods for controlled quantum systems depend on the accuracy of the system model. Any distortion of the input fields in an experimental platform alters the model accuracy and eventually disturbs the predicted dynamics. These distortions can be non-linear with a strong frequency dependence so that the field interacting with the microscopic quantum system has limited resemblance to the input signal. We present an effective method for estimating these distortions which is suitable for non-linear transfer functions of arbitrary lengths and magnitudes provided the available training data has enough spectral components. Using a quadratic estimation, we have successfully tested our approach for a numerical example of a single Rydberg atom system. The transfer function estimated from the presented method is incorporated into an open-loop control optimization algorithm allowing for high-fidelity operations in quantum experiments.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figure

Effect of high blood pressure on thyroid and lipid profile of pregnant women

Background: Hypertension is common medical problem encountered during pregnancy, complicating up to 10% pregnancies. Hypertension is defined as the systolic blood pressure ≤140 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg on two separate measurements at least 4-6 hours apart. During pregnancy thyroid demand changes with increased iodine uptake and synthesis of thyroid hormone. Serum from pre-eclamptic women had both a higher ratio of free fatty acid to albumin and increase up take of free fatty acids, which are further esterified to triglyceride. The aim of the present study was to evaluate thyroid hormone, lipid profile and urine albumin in hypertensive pregnant women and its comparison with normotensive pregnant womenMethods: Total 90 samples were collected from Beri Maternity Hospital and Civil Hospital, Amritsar. Blood samples were analysed for biochemical parameters viz. lipid profile and thyroid profile. Urine samples were also analysed for presence of albumin.Results: From the study it has been revealed that thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increased in hypertensive pregnant women mean (4.26±1.1µ/ml). The total cholesterol (234.56±14.2mg/dl), triglyceride (138±16.96mg/dl), HDL (50.7±7.4mg/dl), LDL (156.2±17.11mg/dl) and VLDL (27.7±3mg/dl) was found altered in hypertensive pregnancy as compared to normotensive pregnancy. The albumin excretion was seen in 13.3% hypertensive pregnancies.Conclusions: TSH were elevated in hypertensive pregnant women due to the effects of estrogen. Among all the parameters of lipid profile, total cholesterol, TG, LDL and VLDL has been increased significantly in hypertensive pregnant women as compared to normotensive pregnant women due endothelial dysfunction.