Aspergillus spp., a versatile cell factory for enzymes and metabolites: Interventions through genome editing

Aspergillus sp. is widely distributed in nature and plays significant roles in the degradation of lignocellulose biomass and extensively used in bioprocess and fermentation technology and many species are also a generally regarded safe. Many of the Aspergillus species are established cell factories due to their inherent capacity in secreting large number of hydrolytic enzymes. With the advent of next generation genomic technologies and metabolic engineering technologies, the production potential of Aspergillus cell factory has improved over the years. Various genome editing tools has been developed for Aspergillus like engineered nucleases, zinc finger nucleases, TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9 system. Currently, the CRISPR/Cas9-based technique is extensively used to enhance the effectiveness of gene manipulation in model system Aspergillus nidulans and other strains like Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus. This review describes the recent developments of genome editing technologies in Aspergillus the synthesis of heterologous proteins and secondary metabolites in the Aspergillus species

Bioconversion of waste cooking oil for the production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate using Bacillus cereus MPTDC

557-562Used cooking oil is generated as a byproduct during frying process. It cannot be reused for cooking process due to health issues such as cancer and other digestive disorders. Alternative strategy is utilization of this waste cooking oil for production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) a biopolymer which can be used as a substitute for petroleum derived plastics or other value added products. In the present investigation, we used waste cooking oil as carbon source for PHB production by Bacillus cereus MPTDC. The optimum conditions of PHB production by Bacillus cereus MPTDC were waste cooking oil concentration of 2% (v/v), incubation time of 96 h, ammonium sulphate concentration of 7.5% and yeast extract concentration of 0.2%. Under optimized conditions the strain produced 3.777 g/L of PHB. The results indicate the potential of used cooking oil as carbon source for PHB production by Bacillus cereus MPTDC

Bioconversion of waste cooking oil for the production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate using Bacillus cereus MPTDC

Used cooking oil is generated as a byproduct during frying process. It cannot be reused for cooking process due to health issues such as cancer and other digestive disorders. Alternative strategy is utilization of this waste cooking oil for production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) a biopolymer which can be used as a substitute for petroleum derived plastics [ABG1] or other value added products. In the present investigation, we used waste cooking oil as carbon source for PHB production by Bacillus cereus MPTDC. The optimum conditions of PHB production by Bacillus cereus MPTDC were waste cooking oil concentration of 2% (v/v), incubation time of 96 h, ammonium sulphate concentration of 7.5% and yeast extract concentration of 0.2%. Under optimized conditions the strain produced 3.777 g/L of PHB. The results indicate the potential of used cooking oil as carbon source for PHB production by Bacillus cereus MPTDC

Production of Pectinase from Bacillus sonorensis MPTD1

U radu je ispitanaproizvodnja pektinaze na podlozi s agarom s pomoću sedam sojeva bakterija izoliranih iz pokvarenog voća i povrća. Najučinkovitiji soj, MPTD1, identificiran je kao soj bakterije Bacillus sonorensis. Primjenom Plackett-Burman i Box-Behnken statističkih planova optimirani su različiti parametri, te je utvrđeno da udjeliekstrakta kvasca, K2HPO4,NaNO3i KCl te vrijeme inkubacije negativno utječu na proizvodnju pektinaze. Najveća postignuta aktivnost enzima bila je 2,43 (μM/mL)/min. U ovom je radu po prvi put opisana proizvodnja pektinaze s pomoću bakterije Bacillus sonorensis.Seven isolates from spoiled fruits and vegetables were screened for pectinase produc¬tion using pectin agar plates and the most efficient bacterial strain, MPTD1, was identified as Bacillus sonorensis. Optimisation of various process parameters was done using Plack¬ett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs and it was found that parameters like yeast extract, K2HPO4, incubation time, NaNO3 and KCl have a negative impact on pectinase production. Parameters like pH and MgSO4 and pectin mass fractions have a positive impact on pecti¬nase production. The maximum obtained enzyme activity was 2.43 (μM/mL)/min. This is the first report on pectinase production by Bacillus sonorensis

Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Food Industry

Uporaba enzima i mikroorganizama za pripremu hrane poznata je od davnina. S napretkom tehnologije razvijeni su novi enzimi specifičnih svojstava i širokog raspona primjene, te se neprestano traga za novim mogućnostima njihove uporabe. Bakterije, kvasci i gljivice te njihovi enzimi često se upotrebljavaju za pripremu hrane poboljšanog okusa i teksture, a ekonomski su isplativi. Mikrobni enzimi se koriste u većoj mjeri nego biljni i životinjski enzimi, i to zbog jednostavnije i jeftinije proizvodnje te njihove postojane kvalitete. U ovom se revijalnom prikazu raspravlja o najnovijim postignućima u tehnologiji proizvodnje enzima u prehrambenoj industriji. Naveden je opsežan popis enzima koji se koriste za obradu hrane, mikroorganizama iz kojih su proizvedeni, te je dan pregled njihove raznovrsne primjene.The use of enzymes or microorganisms in food preparations is an age-old process. With the advancement of technology, novel enzymes with wide range of applications and specificity have been developed and new application areas are still being explored. Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi and their enzymes are widely used in several food preparations for improving the taste and texture and they offer huge economic benefits to industries. Microbial enzymes are the preferred source to plants or animals due to several advantages such as easy, cost-effective and consistent production. The present review discusses the recent advancement in enzyme technology for food industries. A comprehensive list of enzymes used in food processing, the microbial source of these enzymes and the wide range of their application are discussed

Recent advances in microbial biosynthesis of C3 – C5 diols: Genetics and process engineering approaches

Diols derived from renewable feedstocks have significant commercial interest in polymer, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, flavors and fragrances, food and feed industries. In C3-C5 diols biological processes of 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol have been commercialized as other isomers are non-natural metabolites and lack natural biosynthetic pathways. However, the developments in the field of systems and synthetic biology paved a new path to learn, build, construct, and test for efficient chassis strains. The current review addresses the recent advancements in metabolic engineering, construction of novel pathways, process developments aimed at enhancing in production of C3-C5 diols. The requisites on developing an efficient and sustainable commercial bioprocess for C3-C5 diols were also discusse

Growth promoting activities of antagonistic bacterial endophytes from Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.

Rubber plantations are known to udergo various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the symbiotic bacterial endophytes that inhabit them provide protection. Here, we isolated bacterial endophytes from the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. and studied their antagonistic activity against major pathogens such as Phytophthora meadii, Corynespora cassiicola and Corticium salmonicolar. The antifungal metabolites such as HCN, siderophores and salicylic acid were produced by the antagonistic endophytes under in vitro conditions. Bioassay showed the growth promotion by a consortium of selected antagonistic endophytes in H. brasiliensis seedlings. The photosynthetic efficiency of seedlings increased after endophyte inoculation. Endophyte-treated plants showed accumulation of starch granules in root tissues. The selected antagonistic isolates belong to Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The study revealed the biocontrol and growth promoting potential of bacterial endophytes from H. brasiliensi

Growth promoting activities of antagonistic bacterial endophytes from Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.

827-833Rubber plantations are known to udergo various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the symbiotic bacterial endophytes that inhabit them provide protection. Here, we isolated bacterial endophytes from the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. and studied their antagonistic activity against major pathogens such as Phytophthora meadii, Corynespora cassiicola and Corticium salmonicolar. The antifungal metabolites such as HCN, siderophores and salicylic acid were produced by the antagonistic endophytes under in vitro conditions. Bioassay showed the growth promotion by a consortium of selected antagonistic endophytes in H. brasiliensis seedlings. The photosynthetic efficiency of seedlings increased after endophyte inoculation. Endophyte-treated plants showed accumulation of starch granules in root tissues. The selected antagonistic isolates belong to Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The study revealed the biocontrol and growth promoting potential of bacterial endophytes from H. brasiliensis

Fumaric acid production from sugarcane trash hydrolysate using Rhizopus oryzae NIIST1

548-556Production of organic acids through fermentation of biomass feedstock is a potent strategy for co-product generation and improving economics in lignocellulose biorefinery. Sugar cane trash (SCT), a surplus available agro-residue, was exploited for the production of fumaric acid - a dicarboxylic acid with applications in the synthesis of polyester resins, as mordant and as a food additive. The isolate NIIST1 which showed the production of fumaric acid was identified as Rhizopus oryzae. Media engineering was carried out and a maximum production of fumaric acid in SCT hydrolysate incorporated media was 5.2 g/L. Response surface analyses of the interaction of parameters indicated the importance of maintaining a high C/N ratio. Results indicate the scope for developing the Rhizopus oryzae strain NIIST1 as a potent organism for fumaric acid production, since only a few microorganisms have the ability to produce industrially relevant compounds using lignocellulose biomass hydrolysates

Fumaric acid production from sugarcane trash hydrolysate using Rhizopus oryzae NIIST 1

Production of organic acids through fermentation of biomass feedstock is a potent strategy for co-product generation and improving economics in lignocellulose biorefinery. Sugar cane trash (SCT), a surplus available agro-residue, was exploited for the production of fumaric acid - a dicarboxylic acid with applications in the synthesis of polyester resins, as mordant and as a food additive. The isolate NIIST 1 which showed the production of fumaric acid was identified as Rhizopus oryzae. Media engineering was carried out and a maximum production of fumaric acid in SCT hydrolysate incorporated media was 5.2 g/L. Response surface analyses of the interaction of parameters indicated the importance of maintaining a high C/N ratio. Results indicate the scope for developing the Rhizopus oryzae strain NIIST 1 as a potent organism for fumaric acid production, since only a few microorganisms have the ability to produce industrially relevant compounds using lignocellulose biomass hydrolysates