User expectations of partial driving automation capabilities and their effect on information design preferences in the vehicle

Partially automated vehicles present interface design challenges in ensuring the driver remains alert should the vehicle need to hand back control at short notice, but without exposing the driver to cognitive overload. To date, little is known about driver expectations of partial driving automation and whether this affects the information they require inside the vehicle. Twenty-five participants were presented with five partially automated driving events in a driving simulator. After each event, a semi-structured interview was conducted. The interview data was coded and analysed using grounded theory. From the results, two groupings of driver expectations were identified: High Information Preference (HIP) and Low Information Preference (LIP) drivers; between these two groups the information preferences differed. LIP drivers did not want detailed information about the vehicle presented to them, but the definition of partial automation means that this kind of information is required for safe use. Hence, the results suggest careful thought as to how information is presented to them is required in order for LIP drivers to safely using partial driving automation. Conversely, HIP drivers wanted detailed information about the system’s status and driving and were found to be more willing to work with the partial automation and its current limitations. It was evident that the drivers’ expectations of the partial automation capability differed, and this affected their information preferences. Hence this study suggests that HMI designers must account for these differing expectations and preferences to create a safe, usable system that works for everyone

A practice-based exploration of mask/clown and the development of a new pedagogy

This thesis explores the development of a creative pedagogy through mask and clown and the possibilities that these methods could present in the education of practitioners across other performance-related disciplines. In order to undertake this inquiry, the research was focused on my personal experience as a mask and clown performer. This thesis document is an active interrogation of my practice by using an auto-ethnographic approach relating to practice and creative process within the context of devising and teaching. Throughout the thesis, I further reflect on my own solo work and collaborative work through workshops, experiments and performances. During the process of engaging with this research, a number of new findings and methods have emerged. This new knowledge base has been developed and established upon the existing concepts of play, complicité, embodiment and kinetic empathy. These emergent methods have subsequently been compiled to create a robust framework for a new creative pedagogy. The new methodology, which informs this thesis, follows a structured learning programme through mask and clowning principles incorporating the neutral mask, the equivocal mask, the four temperaments’ masks and character masks, which are then interspersed with the application of a red nose. However, the focus of this pedagogy is not on teaching mask and clown as disciplines, but on how to incorporate elements of mask and clown into a student’s existing knowledge base. This pedagogy has been developed to teach, support and mentor students by providing them with the necessary skills to create audience-engaged performances, which are rooted in play, complicité and empathy

The use of landmarks in pedestrian navigation instructions and the effects of context

The beneficial effects of using landmarks in vehicle navigation systems (improved user confidence and navigation performance) have been well-studied and proven. The study reported here aimed to investigate the effects of adding landmark information to basic pedestrian navigation instructions (i.e. those which included distance to turn and street name only). The study found that the results replicate that for vehicle navigation systems. User confidence was raised to a consistently high level as a result of landmark inclusion and errors were greatly reduced. The results also indicate the types of manoeuvre that should benefit most from the inclusion of landmarks

Additional file 1: of Recruitment and representativeness of blood donors in the INTERVAL randomised trial assessing varying inter-donation intervals

INTERVAL trial – statistical analysis plan for principal paper. (PDF 74 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Developing consensus measures for global programs: lessons from the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases Hypertension research program

GACD hypertension consensus variables, suggested collection methods and number of teams using variable.(DOCX 36 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Behaviour change strategies for reducing blood pressure-related disease burden: findings from a global implementation research programme

Capability, opportunity, and motivation ratings of community members, non-physician health workers and doctors in 15 research projects at initial and subsequent assessment

Additional file 14: of Behaviour change strategies for reducing blood pressure-related disease burden: findings from a global implementation research programme

PER 11 Assessment. Launching a Salt Substitute to Reduce Blood Pressure at the Population Level (PER 11)

Additional file 13: of Behaviour change strategies for reducing blood pressure-related disease burden: findings from a global implementation research programme

FJI/WSM 10 Assessment. Cost Effectiveness of Salt Reduction Interventions in Pacific Islands (FJI/WSM 10)