Activation Energy of RTS Noise

Low frequency noise was measured in silicon MOSFET and GaN and InGaAs based HFET devices with special emphasis on the RTS noise. The RTS (Random Telegraph Signal) dependence on the biasing conditions and temperature was analyzed in order to obtain new information regarding production technology. From the time dependence of the RTS noise voltage the mean time of charge carriers capture and emission by traps in the gate oxide layer was determined as a function of applied gate and drain voltage or electron concentration and then several important trap parameters, such as activation energy and position in the channel could be estimated

Measurement of Mass Transfer Coefficients in Airlift Reactors with Internal Loop Using the Glucose Oxidase Method

This study deals with the measurement of volumetric mass transfer coefficients (kLa) in the internal loop airlift reactors (ILALRs) of different volumes (12 dm3, 40 dm3 and 200 dm3) using the glucose oxidase method. The experimental results of this work were compared with those kLa obtained for the same ILALRs by applying different other methods. Results of this work showed a good agreement with the published results obtained by applying other methods on the non-coalescent medium. The initial glucose mass concentration in the non-coalescent medium was 150 g dm–3. Based on this work, the values of the empirical parameter in the correlation of kLa vs. the total gas hold-up, proposed by Bello et al.,1 were established

Perceptions of the Characteristics of Good, Bad and Ordinary Workers on the Job: The Influence of Work Experience and Culture

As noted in Kim & Sikula (2003; 2004), there are three types of people in the workplace: people of Necessity, Common people, and Parasites. A person of Necessity is irreplaceable, crucial to the functioning of an organization. The Common person is a worker of average ability and talent who makes no significant difference to the success of an organization. Parasites are detrimental freeloaders, harmful to the functioning of an organization. In the 2004 paper we analyzed the survey responses of 25 students in an MBA Organizational Behavior class, and of 13 working managers, all in the United States. In this paper we replicate our 2004 study in a different cultural setting an MBA Organizational Behavior class in Bangalore, India--and then compare the results. The leading traits and behaviors that characterize the Necessity and Parasite categories, in both data sets, are very similar. Significant differences exist, however, between the data sets when it comes to identifying the leading traits and behaviors that define a Common worker. We conclude by exploring potential explanations for the similarities and differences, based on the respondents’ work experience and cultural background

The Key Characteristics of Different Types of Employees: A Summary of Six Studies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is, first, to summarize six studies which analyze the key characteristics of different types of employees. Three types of employees found in workplaces all over the world are identified as “Necessities,” “Commoners,” and “Parasites” and, second, to combine the results of these studies in order to identify the key traits and behaviors that characterize each type of worker across a variety of social and cultural settings. Design/methodology/approach – For starters, three types of employees are defined. First, a person is a Necessity if s/he is irreplaceable and critical to the functioning of an organization. Second, a Commoner is a person of normal ability and talent who has no significant impact on organizational processes. Last, Parasites are detrimental freeloaders who damage the functioning of an organization. To identify the principal characteristics of these three types of workers, a group of researchers led by the first author conducted six studies in which they collected survey data from undergraduate and graduate business students in the USA, India, Korea, Chile, and Japan. Findings – The authors note the points of commonality and difference across the data sets, and offer their thoughts on future research in the area. The perceptions of what characterizes really good workers (people of Necessity) and very bad workers (Parasites) appear to be the same in all five countries. The picture painted for the Commoner across all data sets, however, is not as clear-cut. Originality/value – The study described in this paper helps to explain both similarities and differences in employee characteristics between and among workers in different countries and cultures

Policy drivers of international entrepreneurship in Europe

The diversity of countries and cultures in Europe necessitates an international outlook for most businesses. This paper examines the internationalisation of business in Europe through a literature review on international entrepreneurship theory. The role of the individual business owner and of business and interorganisational activity in facilitating the internationalisation of businesses in Europe is discussed by utilising the theoretical framework of international entrepreneurship and by putting forward three main propositions. The main aim and intent of this paper is to understand how the policies of individual governments and institutions such as the European Union help businesses in Europe to internationalise, with particular emphasis on businesses in the Baltic region. The paper discusses policy implications and suggestions for future research, which highlight the importance for firms in Europe of focussing on international markets.<br /