Carbon Trading with Blockchain

Blockchain has the potential to accelerate the deployment of emissions trading systems (ETS) worldwide and improve upon the efficiency of existing systems. In this paper, we present a model for a permissioned blockchain implementation based on the successful European Union (EU) ETS and discuss its potential advantages over existing technology. We propose an ETS model that is both backwards compatible and future-proof, characterised by interconnectedness, transparency, tamper-resistance and high liquidity. Further, we identify key challenges to implementation of a blockchain ETS, as well as areas of future work required to enable a fully-decentralised blockchain ETS

The Analysis of Large Order Bessel Functions in Gravitational Wave Signals from Pulsars

In this work, we present the analytic treatment of the large order Bessel functions that arise in the Fourier Transform (FT) of the Gravitational Wave (GW) signal from a pulsar. We outline several strategies which employ asymptotic expansions in evaluation of such Bessel functions which also happen to have large argument. Large order Bessel functions also arise in the Peters-Mathews model of binary inspiralling stars emitting GW and several problems in potential scattering theory. Other applications also arise in a variety of problems in Applied Mathematics as well as in the Natural Sciences and present a challenge for High Performance Computing(HPC).Comment: 8 pages, Uses IEEE style files: Ieee.cls, Ieee.clo and floatsty.sty. Accepted for publication in High Performance Computing Symposium, May 15-18 (HPCS 2005) Guelph, Ontario, Canad

The extension problem for partial Boolean structures in Quantum Mechanics

Alternative partial Boolean structures, implicit in the discussion of classical representability of sets of quantum mechanical predictions, are characterized, with definite general conclusions on the equivalence of the approaches going back to Bell and Kochen-Specker. An algebraic approach is presented, allowing for a discussion of partial classical extension, amounting to reduction of the number of contexts, classical representability arising as a special case. As a result, known techniques are generalized and some of the associated computational difficulties overcome. The implications on the discussion of Boole-Bell inequalities are indicated.Comment: A number of misprints have been corrected and some terminology changed in order to avoid possible ambiguitie

A Simple Laboratory Experiment for the Measurement of Single Phase Permeability

A simple experiment for measuring single-phase permeability of fully saturated porous medium is introduced. The experiment utilizes radial flow of a non-volatile wetting fluid through a porous medium such as ceramic tile, concrete or sand. The radial position of flow front is measured as a function of time and the collected data are analyzed using Darcy\u27s Law to determine the permeability. In addition, the phenomenon of the multiphase flow through the medium with a broad pore size distribution is demonstrated

Anatomy of Malicious Singularities

As well known, the b-boundaries of the closed Friedman world model and of Schwarzschild solution consist of a single point. We study this phenomenon in a broader context of differential and structured spaces. We show that it is an equivalence relation $\rho$, defined on the Cauchy completed total space $\bar{E}$ of the frame bundle over a given space-time, that is responsible for this pathology. A singularity is called malicious if the equivalence class $[p_0]$ related to the singularity remains in close contact with all other equivalence classes, i.e., if $p_0 \in \mathrm{cl}[p]$ for every $p \in E$. We formulate conditions for which such a situation occurs. The differential structure of any space-time with malicious singularities consists only of constant functions which means that, from the topological point of view, everything collapses to a single point. It was noncommutative geometry that was especially devised to deal with such situations. A noncommutative algebra on $\bar{E}$, which turns out to be a von Neumann algebra of random operators, allows us to study probabilistic properties (in a generalized sense) of malicious singularities. Our main result is that, in the noncommutative regime, even the strongest singularities are probabilistically irrelevant.Comment: 16 pages in LaTe

Turkey wattle temperature response to distinct environmental factors

Rearing environmental conditions are important for turkey production, because this bird is particularly sensitive to heat stress. This study aimed at measuring the wattle temperature response of turkeys of three different ages (61, 96, and 131 days old) exposed to different combinations of dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed ranges, as an indication of their physiological responses. The experiment was conducted with 42 male birds housed in a controlled environment chamber and exposed to different combinations of two air speed (WS) ranges (WS1 = 0.3-0.6 ms-1, considered low, and WS2 = 1.2-1.6 ms-1, considered high), dry bulb temperature (DBT) between 22 and 34 °C, and relative humidity (RH) between 40 to 90 %. The statistical analysis showed that WS, DBT, and RH significantly influenced wattle temperature of 61-d-old turkeys, while only WS and DBT influenced this response when turkeys were 96 days old. Furthermore, DBT was highly correlated with both low and high WS. In 131-day-old turkeys, WT response was virtually the same at both wind speed ranges when high DBT was applied. Turkey wattle temperature was influenced by wind speed, and was dependent on both environmental dry bulb temperature and relative humidity, as well as bird age.17443944

Diffraction behaviour of three-component fibonacci Ta/Al multilayer films

A class of quasiperiodic structure three-component Fibonacci (3CF) Ta/Al multilayer films is fabricated by dual-target magnetron sputtering. The microstructure of this film is investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron and X-ray diffraction. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy demonstrates a well formed layer structure of 3CF Ta/Al superlattices. The electron-diffraction satellite spots, which can be indexed by three integers, correspond to the X-ray diffraction peaks in both position and intensity. The scattering vectors observed in electron and X-ray diffraction are in good agreement with the analytical treatment from the projection method

Diffraction based Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry performed at a hard x-ray free-electron laser

We demonstrate experimentally Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometry at a hard X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) on a sample diffraction patterns. This is different from the traditional approach when HBT interferometry requires direct beam measurements in absence of the sample. HBT analysis was carried out on the Bragg peaks from the colloidal crystals measured at Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). We observed high degree (80%) spatial coherence of the full beam and the pulse duration of the monochromatized beam on the order of 11 fs that is significantly shorter than expected from the electron bunch measurements.Comment: 32 pages, 10 figures, 2 table

Oscillation modes of two-dimensional nanostructures within the time-dependent local-spin-density approximation

We apply the time-dependent local-spin-density approximation as general theory to describe ground states and spin-density oscillations in the linear response regime of two-dimensional nanostructures of arbitrary shape. For this purpose, a frequency analysis of the simulated real-time evolution is performed. The effect on the response of the recently proposed spin-density waves in the ground state of certain parabolic quantum dots is considered. They lead to the prediction of a new class of excitations, soft spin-twist modes, with energies well below that of the spin dipole oscillation.Comment: 4 RevTex pages and 4 GIF figures, accepted in PR