Supplementary tables for Associations of glycemic indexes in the normal range with all-cause mortality in the absence of traditional risk factors

To investigate the associations between 3 glycemic indexes in the normal range and all-cause mortality in people without traditional CVD risk factors, using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES Ⅲ) in 1988-1994 and NHANES in 1999-2018.</p

Associations of dietary cholesterol consumption with incident diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the role of genetic variability in cholesterol absorption and disease predisposition

ObjectiveWhether genetic susceptibility to disease and dietary cholesterol (DC) absorption contribute to inconsistent associations of DC consumption with diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear.Research Design and MethodsDC consumption was assessed by repeated 24-hour dietary recalls in the UK Biobank. A polygenetic risk score (PRS) for DC absorption was constructed using genetic variants in the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 and ATP Binding Cassettes G5 and G8 genes. PRSs for diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke were also created. The associations of DC consumption with incident diabetes (n=96,826) and CVD (n=94,536) in the overall sample and by PRS subgroups were evaluated using adjusted Cox models.ResultsEach additional 300 mg/day of DC consumption was associated with incident diabetes (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.07-1.27]) and CVD (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.03-1.17]), but further adjusting for body mass index (BMI) nullified these associations (HR for diabetes, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.90-1.09]; HR for CVD, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.98-1.12]). Genetic susceptibility to the diseases did not modify these associations (P for interaction≥0.06). The DC-CVD association appeared to be stronger in people with greater genetic susceptibility to cholesterol absorption assessed by the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related PRS (P for interaction=0.04), but the stratum-level association estimates were not statistically significant.ConclusionsDC consumption was not associated with incident diabetes and CVD, after adjusting for BMI, in the overall sample and in subgroups stratified by genetic predisposition to cholesterol absorption and the diseases. Nevertheless, whether genetic predisposition to cholesterol absorption modifies the DC-CVD association requires further investigation.</p