The impacts of excluding ants from the canopy on the abundance of ground arthropods (Mean, SE, * represents <i>p</i><0.05, ** represents <i>p</i><0.01).

<p>The impacts of excluding ants from the canopy on the abundance of ground arthropods (Mean, SE, * represents <i>p</i><0.05, ** represents <i>p</i><0.01).</p

The relationship between the abundance of ants and beetles, and ants and spiders in the three transects (n = 35).

<p>The relationship between the abundance of ants and beetles, and ants and spiders in the three transects (n = 35).</p

The effects of the ant-exclusion treatment from the canopy on the abundances of ants, beetles, spiders and predators on forest floor.

<p>The effects of the ant-exclusion treatment from the canopy on the abundances of ants, beetles, spiders and predators on forest floor.</p

The experimental design in 2009 (A), 2010, and 2011 (B) and the sampling sites in each 20*20 m plot (C).

<p>Grey represents treated plots and white represents control plots. The size of the large plots in 2010 was 80*60 m. The arrows represent the spatial arrangement of the treated and control plots, where along the arrow (from left to right), the basic lines of ant abundances decreased, but the basic lines of beetle and spider abundances increased.</p

Fabrication of a Novel and High-Performance Mesoporous Ethylene Tar-Based Solid Acid Catalyst for the Dehydration of Fructose into 5‑Hydroxymethylfurfural

In this article, a novel and high-performance mesoporous carbon-based solid acid catalyst was prepared using ethylene tar (ET) as a precursor, which is a byproduct of ethylene production. First, ET was carbonized at 550 °C by using magnesium acetate as the template. After that, the mesoporous ET-based solid acid catalyst was obtained by a one-step sulfonation process that removes the templates simultaneously. On the basis of these facts, the maximum yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in the presence of an ET catalyst during the dehydration of fructose can reach 87.8%. This effective catalytic activity is mainly attributed to the large specific surface area and high density of sulfonic acid groups existing in the ET catalyst. Moreover, no distinct activity drop was observed during five recycling runs that confirmed good recyclability and thermal stability of the ET catalyst. This research provides a novel and promising method for the utilization of ET as a low-cost, recyclable, and high-performance catalyst

Manipulating dc currents with bilayer bulk natural materials

<p>Transformation optics has attracted intensive research in various communities, e.g., optics, electromagnetics, acoustics, thermodynamics, etc. Recently, transformation-optics based devices in dc electric field have received increasing attention and achievements have been made experimentally. However, these schemes have to be reduced for experimental realization at the price of giving up exactness, and must employ resistor networks to mimic inhomogeneous and anisotropic conductivities, as an analogue of optical counterpart.<br>Therefore, our proposal, derived from a solving conduction equation directly and validated by experiment, addressed a completely new framework of manipulating dc current, in a metamaterial-free context. It only exploits bilayer bulk natural conductive materials, and the generalized framework can empower the experimental realizations of ideal cloaking, cloaking sensor, and concentrator, all by using two ultrathin layers of bulk materials with neither subtle feature (like subwavelength unit cell) nor anisotropy/inhomogeneity.<br>Not only does the bilayer scheme greatly simply the design of dc devices, but also and of greater importance, the new framework developed in this work goes far beyond its own niche. It can be readily used in a wide spectrum of physics domains, such as dc magnetic cloak, plasmonic transparency, thermal manipulation, neutral inclusion for elastic cloaking, and electromagnetic, celestial wave manipulation as long as one can find natural or artificial extreme materials. This schematic is immune from the corresponding stringent issues of metamaterials or usual dipolar operation in plamsonic cancellation.</p> <p> </p

Sample countries.

In order to explore whether China-Africa exchange will influence on the African environment. This paper selects four paths of China-Africa exchanges and explores the impact of each path on the African environment under the influence of different factors. We found that construction income and Africa’s exports to China will increase Africa’s carbon emissions. Foreign direct investment and China’s exports to Africa will lead to a reduction in carbon emissions in Africa. The resource moderation will reduce the significance of the environmental impact of each path on Africa. Based on the above conclusions, several suggestions are made on the policies and actual operations in the path of China-Africa exchanges.</div

Cointegration test with natural factors added.

In order to explore whether China-Africa exchange will influence on the African environment. This paper selects four paths of China-Africa exchanges and explores the impact of each path on the African environment under the influence of different factors. We found that construction income and Africa’s exports to China will increase Africa’s carbon emissions. Foreign direct investment and China’s exports to Africa will lead to a reduction in carbon emissions in Africa. The resource moderation will reduce the significance of the environmental impact of each path on Africa. Based on the above conclusions, several suggestions are made on the policies and actual operations in the path of China-Africa exchanges.</div

Co-integration test with industrial factors added.

Co-integration test with industrial factors added.</p

Cointegration test with basic control variables.

In order to explore whether China-Africa exchange will influence on the African environment. This paper selects four paths of China-Africa exchanges and explores the impact of each path on the African environment under the influence of different factors. We found that construction income and Africa’s exports to China will increase Africa’s carbon emissions. Foreign direct investment and China’s exports to Africa will lead to a reduction in carbon emissions in Africa. The resource moderation will reduce the significance of the environmental impact of each path on Africa. Based on the above conclusions, several suggestions are made on the policies and actual operations in the path of China-Africa exchanges.</div