18 research outputs found
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΠ¦Π-Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π°
The objective:Β to study the effect of liposomal oxidized dextran (LOD) on remodeling of the extracellular matrix of organs of mice during the period of chronic BCG granulomatosis and effects of LOD on this process depending on the route of administration.Subjects and Methods.Β The liver and lungs of mice with BCG granulomatosis were studied using different methods of LOD administration (intraperitoneally and by inhalation). The content of glycosaminoglycans, hydroxyproline fraction, the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), hyaluronidases and a2-macroglobulin, and the content of tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP-1 and -2) were evaluated.Results.Β The administration of LOD to mice infected with the BCG vaccine suffering from chronic granulomatosis with severe fibrosis (6 months after infection for 3 months) resulted in the aggravation of collagen degradation in the liver. In the lungs, along with increased collagen degradation, decreased collagen synthesis was observed. It was apparently due to suppressed activity of a2-macroglobulin and decreased content of TIMP-1 and -2. In the liver, with intraperitoneal administration of LOD, signs of suppressed fibrogenesis and fibrolysis were observed versus the data obtained for inhalation administration. There were no differences in the content of hydroxyproline fractions in the lungs depending on the method of LOD administration. Thus, administration of LOD to mice led to lower severity of fibrosis while the mechanisms of fibrolysis in the lungs and liver differed.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π° (ΠΠ€ΠΠ) Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ¦Π-Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΠ€ΠΠ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΠ¦Π-Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ€ΠΠ (ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ). ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π· (ΠΠΠ), Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π· ΠΈ Π°2-ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ (Π’ΠΠΠ-1 ΠΈ -2).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ€ ΠΠ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ¦Π, Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 6 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 3 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ.) ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°2-ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π’ΠΠΠ-1 ΠΈ -2. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ€ΠΠ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ€ ΠΠ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ€ ΠΠ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ
EXPRESSION OF PROTEIN GENES PARTICIPATING IN FIBROPLASTIC PROCESSES IN MICE LUNG DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TUBERCULOUS INFLAMMATION
The study analyzes the expression of protein genes involved in intracellular signaling pathways associated with aΒ profibrotic response, activation of epithelial-mesenchymal and endothelial-mesenchymal transitions, in modelingΒ tuberculous granulomatosis and pharmaceutical effects. Material and methods. The study was performed on maleΒ BALB/c mice aged two months and weighing 18β22 g. Generalized tuberculous granulomatosis was simulated by aΒ single intravenous (retro-orbital) injection of 0.5 mg BCG vaccine in 0.2 ml of isotonic aqueous NaCl solution (SS), afterΒ 4 months a part of mice started to receive treatment drugs, after 2 months the animals were sacrificed by decapitation (6Β months after BCG vaccine administration) and their lung tissues were collected. Mice were divided into 6 groups, 5 malesΒ in each: intact, which were intravenously into the retro-orbital sinus injected with 0.2 ml SS (C); infected with BCG andΒ receiving SS intraperitoneal injections (BS); infected with BCG and received intraperitoneal injections of isonicotinicΒ acid hydrazide solution (INAH) (BI); infected with BCG and received intraperitoneal injections of dextrazide solutionΒ (conjugate of 40 kDa oxidized dextran and INAH) (BD); infected with BCG and received intraperitoneal or inhalationΒ injections of solution of molecular-nanosomal pharmaceutical compositions of oxidized dextran (MNPC) (BMP andΒ BMH, respectively). Finally, the expression of mRNA of matrix metalloproteinase 9, type III procollagen, TGF-Ξ², andΒ transcription factors ZEB1 and Snai1 was determined by real-time PCR in mice lung tissue. Results. The modelingΒ of generalized tuberculous granulomatosis was found to be accompanied by the induction of epithelial-mesenchymalΒ transition and the activation of profibrotic processes, which after 6 months was manifested in increase of the type IIIΒ collagen Ξ±1-chain and TGF-Ξ² mRNA expression. Administration of traditional (INAH) and original (dextrazide, MNPC)Β preparations with anti-tuberculosis activity within two months has inhibitory activity of varying severity in relation toΒ various markers of these processes
Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ
This review and discussion article focuses on the physiology and pathology of connective tissue system and its interaction with mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in initiation and development of fibrosis. The study presents the perspective on fibrotic conditions as hypertrophied nonspecific body reactions aimed at maintaining homeostasis and initiated by pathologic (in terms of scale and duration of manifestations) activation of MPS cells resulting from their endocytosis of biocompatible factors of different origin accompanied by nonspecific activation of expression, synthesis, and secretion of lysosomal enzymes and growth factors by MPS cells. This perspective is supported by the authorsβ own findings as well as evidence published in studies of other authors. Authorsβ findings support and illustrate the above conclusions using data on the modulation of functional status of macrophages and fibroblasts as well as data on prevention and correction of fibrotic processes in different experimental pathologic conditions.Β Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Π΅Π΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² (Π‘ΠΠ€) Π² ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ³ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° Β«Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡΒ» Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ) Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π‘ΠΠ€ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, Π°ΡΠ³ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅.
INFLUENCE OF MACHINING ON QUALITY PARAMETERS OF OPTICAL METAL PRODUCTS
The article gives recommendations about the technological support of the given optical
characteristics of metal products. The main task at providing light reflectance of surfaces is
smoothing of roughnesses on a surface and providing surface cleanliness. The criterion of surface
roughness and the work function of electrons have the greatest connection with the performance
characteristics of optical metal products. The surface properties are determined by the double
electric layer at the surface. Each subsequent stage of abrasive polishing should be carried out
with a smaller grain size of an abrasive of not more than Rmax roughness, obtained in the
previous stage
ROUGHNESS OF PROCESSED SURFACES UNDER ABRASIVE POLISHING
The obtained analytical dependences for determining the basic parameters of the
surface roughness during abrasive polishing are presented with modeling the cutting grains in the
form of a sphere and considering the ordered arrangement of grains. It is shown that with a
decrease in the thickness of the cut, the ratio of the altitude parameters of the surface roughness
max Ra R /
increases, reaching values of 20 ... 30 and more. This is consistent with the
experimental data obtained by abrasive polishing. Consequently, the modeling of abrasive grains
in the form of a sphere is more in line with the actual conditions for the formation of surface
roughness in both abrasive polishing and grinding. Calculations established that the process of
abrasive polishing proceeds under conditions corresponding to the transition from the cutting
process to the process of friction of the grain with the material being processed. It is also shown
that with the reduction of the ratio
max Ra R /
to 4 ... 6 (corresponding to the grinding conditions),
the process of metal removal and the formation of surface roughness occurs in a stable cutting
process. This establishes a close relationship of the relationship
max Ra R /
with the ratio of the
thickness of the cut and the radius of rounding of the cutting edge of the abrasive grain. It has
been experimentally established that when the ball is smoothed out, the ratio
max Ra R /
= 14.2, and
Ra
= 0.1 mkm. At fine turning with a diamond tool
max Ra R /
= 21.2, and
Ra
= 0.1 micron. When
abrasive polishing
max Ra R /
= 30, and
Ra
= 0.1 micron. The obtained results of theoretical and
experimental studies indicate the possibility of a significant decrease in the surface roughness in
abrasive polishing, which opens up new technological possibilities for its practical use
Location of Pulmonary Mycobacteria Tuberculosis and Effectiveness of Various Dextrazide Compositions in Treatment of Mice with BCG-Induced Granulomatosis
Connective tissue and the problems of its pathological conditions
This review and discussion article focuses on the physiology and pathology of connective tissue system and its interaction with mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in initiation and development of fibrosis. The study presents the perspective on fibrotic conditions as hypertrophied nonspecific body reactions aimed at maintaining homeostasis and initiated by pathologic (in terms of scale and duration of manifestations) activation of MPS cells resulting from their endocytosis of biocompatible factors of different origin accompanied by nonspecific activation of expression, synthesis, and secretion of lysosomal enzymes and growth factors by MPS cells. This perspective is supported by the authorsβ own findings as well as evidence published in studies of other authors. Authorsβ findings support and illustrate the above conclusions using data on the modulation of functional status of macrophages and fibroblasts as well as data on prevention and correction of fibrotic processes in different experimental pathologic conditions
Study of BCG Granuloma Macrophage Morphofunctional Status
We studied the morphofunctional and cytophysiological status of macrophages emigrating from BCG granulomas forming in spleen and free splenic macrophages that are not associated with granulomas. The experimental BCG granulomatosis was induced by intravenous injection of male BALB/c mice with BCG vaccine mycobacteria. The number of granulomas in spleen, their diameter, the proportion of granuloma macrophages with mycobacteria, the number of mycobacteria in granuloma macrophages, the proportion of live bacteria in granuloma macrophages and the number of granulomas macrophages capable of expressing IL-1Ξ±, TNF-Ξ±, GM-CSF were evaluated. BCG granulomas were explanted in cultures in vitro . Fractions, containing free splenic macrophages from BCG-infected animals, were explanted in separate cultures in vitro . The phagocytic activity of macrophages that migrated from BCG granulomas explanted in cultures one month after mycobacterial infection of mice, was much higher than those of splenic macrophages of intact mice. The phagocytic activity of free macrophages and macrophages from granulomas decreased with time after infection. By contrast, the antimycobacterial activity of free splenic macrophages and macrophages from BCG granulomas increased with time after infection. The correlational analysis showed that there are different correlational relationships between the number of granuloma macrophages expressing IL-1Ξ±, TNF-Ξ±, GM-CSF and phagocytic activity of macrophages from BCG granulomas. The results of the study are important for understanding the molecular and cellularmechanisms of development of chronic granulomatous inflammation induced by mycobacterial infection