4 research outputs found

    The Organization of Processes Cycles Forming a Climate and Environment. II. Landscape Transformation and Reorganization of Process Cycles

    No full text
    ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ трансформации Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡˆΠ°Ρ„Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ воздСйствиСм сочСтания климатичСских, гидрологичСских ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², пСрСстройки ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… процСссов исслСдованы Π½Π° основС совмСстного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° сопряТСнных ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ срСд, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² гСосфСры ΠΈ мСТсистСмных ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-климатичСской систСмС. ВыявлСны Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ-слСдствСнных связСй процСссов. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ влияния сочСтаний Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° гидрологичСскиС процСссы. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π° концСпция формирования ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… процСссов ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ трансформации Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡˆΠ°Ρ„Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° структура ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ пСрСстройки ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… процСссов ΠΈ формирования мСстных ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ- климатичСских условий. БрСдства описания ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов ΠΈ сочСтания Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ мСТсистСмных ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ трансформации ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ².Problems of landscape transformation under influence of climatic, hydrological, and anthropogenesis factors combination and reorganization of the environmental and climate formation cycles have been investigated. It has been done by means of the joint analysis of the associated changes of environments, geosphere components and intersystem relations in regional natural and climatic system. Chains of cause-effect relations of processes are revealed, and influence functions of factor combinations on the hydrological processes are defined. The formation concept of the modified forming cycle of environment and climate processes under transformation of landscapes has been developed. The structure of conceptual model of reorganization of the cycle organization of climate processes and formation of local natural and environmental conditions has been developed. The means of description of the natural processes and the factor combination, the organization of interconnections allow the analysis of changes in the transformation of the components

    The Organization of Processes Cycles Forming a Climate and Environment. II. Landscape Transformation and Reorganization of Process Cycles

    No full text
    ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ трансформации Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡˆΠ°Ρ„Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ воздСйствиСм сочСтания климатичСских, гидрологичСских ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², пСрСстройки ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… процСссов исслСдованы Π½Π° основС совмСстного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° сопряТСнных ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ срСд, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² гСосфСры ΠΈ мСТсистСмных ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-климатичСской систСмС. ВыявлСны Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ-слСдствСнных связСй процСссов. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ влияния сочСтаний Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° гидрологичСскиС процСссы. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π° концСпция формирования ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… процСссов ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ трансформации Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡˆΠ°Ρ„Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° структура ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ пСрСстройки ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… процСссов ΠΈ формирования мСстных ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ- климатичСских условий. БрСдства описания ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов ΠΈ сочСтания Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ мСТсистСмных ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ трансформации ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ².Problems of landscape transformation under influence of climatic, hydrological, and anthropogenesis factors combination and reorganization of the environmental and climate formation cycles have been investigated. It has been done by means of the joint analysis of the associated changes of environments, geosphere components and intersystem relations in regional natural and climatic system. Chains of cause-effect relations of processes are revealed, and influence functions of factor combinations on the hydrological processes are defined. The formation concept of the modified forming cycle of environment and climate processes under transformation of landscapes has been developed. The structure of conceptual model of reorganization of the cycle organization of climate processes and formation of local natural and environmental conditions has been developed. The means of description of the natural processes and the factor combination, the organization of interconnections allow the analysis of changes in the transformation of the components

    The Organization of Processes Cycles Forming a Climate and Environment I. Problem statement

    No full text
    ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ экосистСмных ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… процСссов исслСдованы Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… систСмно-ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° основС совмСстного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° сопряТСнных ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ срСд, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² гСосфСры ΠΈ мСТсистСмных ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-климатичСской систСмС. ВыявлСна климатичСски значимая Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ количСствСнныС ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ характСристик ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π° Π—Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΈ. Условно ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ прСобразования экосистСм Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ условно ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠ΅ измСнСния характСристик Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ биосистСм, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ- хозяйствСнных ΠΈ биоклиматичСских ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ биомассы ΠΈ продуктивности Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ биоразнообразия ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ СстСствСнных процСссов экстСнсивного развития сообщСств ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² биосфСрС.Problems of ecosystem changes and the organization of environment and climate formation cycle are investigated. It has been made within the limits of system-evolutionary methodology on the basis of the joint analysis of the associated changes of environments, components of the geosphere and intersystem relations in the regional natural and climatic system. The climatically significant role of mobile cyclones is revealed, and quantitative estimations of their contribution to the change of characteristics of a Western Siberia climate are received. Conditionally reversible transformations of ecosystems cause interannual and conditionally reversible long-term changes of regional climate characteristics. The direction and character of evolutionary significant changes of biosystems (including biocenosis) are defined by their relations within the limits of multilevel hierarchy of natural and economic and bioclimatic relations. A decrease in the biomass and the biocenosis efficiency, and a reduction of biodiversity testify that the period of the natural accumulation of the biomass and the energy of living material in the biosphere and the extensive development of organism communities has ended

    The Organization of Processes Cycles Forming a Climate and Environment I. Problem statement

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    ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ экосистСмных ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… процСссов исслСдованы Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… систСмно-ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° основС совмСстного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° сопряТСнных ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ срСд, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² гСосфСры ΠΈ мСТсистСмных ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-климатичСской систСмС. ВыявлСна климатичСски значимая Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ количСствСнныС ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ характСристик ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π° Π—Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΈ. Условно ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ прСобразования экосистСм Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ условно ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠ΅ измСнСния характСристик Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ биосистСм, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ- хозяйствСнных ΠΈ биоклиматичСских ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ биомассы ΠΈ продуктивности Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ биоразнообразия ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ СстСствСнных процСссов экстСнсивного развития сообщСств ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² биосфСрС.Problems of ecosystem changes and the organization of environment and climate formation cycle are investigated. It has been made within the limits of system-evolutionary methodology on the basis of the joint analysis of the associated changes of environments, components of the geosphere and intersystem relations in the regional natural and climatic system. The climatically significant role of mobile cyclones is revealed, and quantitative estimations of their contribution to the change of characteristics of a Western Siberia climate are received. Conditionally reversible transformations of ecosystems cause interannual and conditionally reversible long-term changes of regional climate characteristics. The direction and character of evolutionary significant changes of biosystems (including biocenosis) are defined by their relations within the limits of multilevel hierarchy of natural and economic and bioclimatic relations. A decrease in the biomass and the biocenosis efficiency, and a reduction of biodiversity testify that the period of the natural accumulation of the biomass and the energy of living material in the biosphere and the extensive development of organism communities has ended
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