DNA intercalation and cleavage of an antitumor antibiotic dynemicin that contains anthracycline and enediyne cores

Dynemicin is a hybrid containing anthraquinone and enediyne cores, which contribute to binding and cleavage of DNA, respectively. DNA strand scission by the antitumor antibiotic is significantly enhanced by the addition of NADPH or thiol compounds. The preferential cutting site of dynemicin is on the 3' side of purine bases (i.e., 5'-GC, -GT, and -AG) and is clearly different from the cutting sites of esperamicin and calicheamicin. The double-stranded and the stem regions of single-stranded DNAs are preferentially cleaved by dynemicin. Therefore, dynemicin may be a useful reagent for probing secondary structures of DNA. Pretreatment of DNA with Adriamycin and actinomycin D alters the cutting mode of dynemicin. Dynemicin-mediated DNA breakage is strongly inhibited by pretreatment of the DNA with distamycin A and anthramycin, suggesting that dynemicin interacts with the minor groove of the DNA helix. Intercalation of the anthraquinone core into the DNA followed by the attack of the phenyl diradical formed from the enediyne core is considered as a possible mechanism of action of dynemicin

High mobility holes in a strained Ge quantum well grown on a thin and relaxed Si0.4Ge0.6/LT-Si0.4Ge0.6/Si(001) virtual

Epitaxial growth of a compressively strained Ge quantum well (QW) on an ultrathin, 345 nm thick, Si0.4Ge0.6/LT-Si0.4Ge0.6/Si(001) virtual substrate (VS) has been demonstrated. The VS, grown with a low temperature Si0.4Ge0.6 seed layer on a Si(001) substrate, is found to be fully relaxed and the Ge QW is fully strained. The temperature dependence of Hall mobility and carrier density clearly indicates a two-dimensional hole gas in the Ge QW. At room temperature, which is more relevant for electronic devices applications, the samples show a very high Hall mobility of 1235 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a carrier density of 2.36×1012 cm−2

Economy and the distribution of reflexives.

This dissertation is a cross-linguistic discussion of the distribution of reflexives within the framework of generative grammar. The languages dealt with are mainly Dutch, English and Japanese, although other languages are also referred to. The aim of the dissertation is to make a contribution to an economy-based analysis of binding. First, it develops a novel analysis of the syntax of anaphoric binding. Second, it evaluates the adequacy of the cross-modular economy condition of Reuland (2001) and suggests a modification of it that accounts for cases where the effects of economy appear to be suspended. Third, it investigates the division of labour between syntax and pragmatics in accounting for the distribution of SELF anaphors. And finally, it makes a contribution to the literature on the so-called anaphor-agreement effect by showing that variation in the cross-linguistic occurrence of this effect strongly favours a theory of argument marking that dissociates case and agreement, as in GB-based theories of argument licensing. Chapter 1 is the introduction to the dissertation. In Chapter 2, the history of binding theory from the viewpoint of economy will be reviewed. This chapter also argues against movement approaches to the syntactic encoding of anaphoric binding and introduces an alternative. Chapter 3 aims to establish the role that pragmatic considerations such as assertive vs. presupposed reflexivity and intensification play in the distribution of morphologically complex reflexives and to discuss the relation between these proposals and alternative, syntax-based, approaches to the role of the SELF-morpheme. Then, in Chapter 4, it is discussed how binding relations can be implemented with the syntactic apparatus of Chapter 2 and also how the distribution of reflexives is affected by economy. Chapter 5 discusses the Anaphor-Agreement Effect (Rizzi 1999) and its implications for the theories of argument marking. Chapter 6 is the conclusion

T細胞刺激によるGPR3発現誘導とその役割

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(医学)Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciencedoctora

High-Resolution MHD Spectroscopy of External Kinks in a Tokamak Plasma

This thesis describes the first results of passive and active MHD spectroscopy experiments on the High Beta Tokamak-Extended Pulse (HBT-EP) device using a new array of magnetic diagnostics and coils. The capabilities of the HBT-EP experiment are significantly extended with the installation of a new adjustable conducting wall, high-power modular control coil arrays, and an extensive set of 216 magnetic sensors that allow simultaneous high-resolution detection of multimode MHD phenomena. The design, construction, and calibration of this system are described. The capability of this new magnetic diagnostic set is demonstrated by biorthogonal decomposition analysis of passive measurements of rotating resistive wall modes (RWMs). A strong multimode effect is detected for the first time in HBT-EP plasmas consisting of the simultaneous existence of m/n=3/1 and 6/2 RWMs which cause the plasma to evolve in a non-rigid multimode manner. Additional mode numbers as high as n=3 are also observed. Active MHD spectroscopy experiments using a "phase-flip" resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) are able to excite a clear three-dimensional response. By adjusting the helicity of the magnetic field applied by the control coils, the driven plasma response is shown to be predominantly resonant field amplification. When the amplitude of the applied field is not too large, the driven resonant response appears linear, independent of the presence of background MHD phenomena and consistent with the predictions of single-helicity modeling of kink mode dynamics. The spatial structures of both the naturally rotating kink mode and the externally driven response are observed to be identical, while the temporal evolutions are approximately independent. The phase-flip driven plasma response is measured as a function of edge safety factor, plasma rotation, and the amplitude of the applied magnetic perturbation. As the RMP amplitude increases, the plasma response is shown to be linear, saturated, and ultimately, disruptive

Role of Japanese Expatriates in Japanese Multinational Corporations: From the Perspective of the “Multinational Internal Labor Market”

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