Correlation analysis of variables possibly associated with the maximum trunk flexion angle (n = 222).

<p>Correlation analysis of variables possibly associated with the maximum trunk flexion angle (n = 222).</p

Multiple linear regression analysis of data of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (n = 222).

<p>Multiple linear regression analysis of data of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (n = 222).</p

Patients’ clinical characteristics.

<p>Patients’ clinical characteristics.</p

Study follow diagram.

<p>FRF, floor reaction force.</p

Forty-three reflective markers.

<p>(a) Posterior view, (b) anterior view, and (c) lateral view.</p

Two strategies used by patients with lumbar spinal stenosis to alleviate symptoms.

<p>(a) Trunk flexion posture with an increased step length and hip extension angle. (b) Trunk upright posture with a decreased step length and hip extension angle. (c) Ideal walking posture of healthy people. Red arrows indicate the ground reaction force vector, blue arrow is the hip flexion moment, and green arc is the psoas major.</p

S1 Table

<div>We aimed to identify the kinetic and kinematic variables that affect trunk flexion in LSS patients during level walking. Gait was recorded in 111 LSS patients using a three-dimensional motion capture system (VICON MX) and six force plates (AMTI).</div