6 research outputs found
Ultrathin Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generation
Benefiting from its strong oxidizing
properties, the singlet oxygen
has garnered serious attentions in physical, chemical, as well as
biological studies. However, the photosensitizers for the generation
of singlet oxygen bear in low quantum yields, lack of long wavelength
absorption band, poor biocompatibility, undegradable in living tissues,
and so on. Here we first demonstrate the exfoliated black phosphorus
nanosheets to be effective photosensitizers for the generation of
singlet oxygen with a high quantum yield of about 0.91, rendering
their attractive applications in catalysis and photodynamic therapy.
Through in vitro and in vivo studies, the water dispersible black
phosphorus nanosheets show notable cancer therapy ability. In addition,
the photodegradable character of black phosphorus from element to
biocompatible phosphorus oxides further highlights its therapeutic
potential against cancer. This study will not only expand the breadth
of study in black phosphorus but also offer an efficient catalyst
and photodynamic therapy agent
Boosting Hot-Electron Generation: Exciton Dissociation at the Order–Disorder Interfaces in Polymeric Photocatalysts
Excitonic effects,
arising from the Coulomb interactions between
photogenerated electrons and holes, dominate the optical excitation
properties of semiconductors, whereas their influences on photocatalytic
processes have seldom been discussed. In view of the competitive generation
of excitons and hot carriers, exciton dissociation is proposed as
an alternative strategy for hot-carrier harvesting in photocatalysts.
Herein, by taking heptazine-based melon as an example, we verified
that enhanced hot-carrier generation could be obtained in semicrystalline
polymeric photocatalysts, which is ascribed to the accelerated exciton
dissociation at the abundant order−disorder interfaces. Moreover,
driven by the accompanying electron injection toward ordered chains
and hole blocking in disordered chains, semicrystalline heptazine-based
melon showed an ∼7-fold promotion in electron concentration
with respect to its pristine counterpart. Benefiting from these, the
semicrystalline sample exhibited dramatic enhancements in electron-involved
photocatalytic processes, such as superoxide radical production and
selective alcohol oxidation. This work brightens excitonic aspects
for the design of advanced photocatalysts
Giant Electron–Hole Interactions in Confined Layered Structures for Molecular Oxygen Activation
Numerous efforts have been devoted
to understanding the excitation
processes of photocatalysts, whereas the potential Coulomb interactions
between photogenerated electrons and holes have been long ignored.
Once these interactions are considered, excitonic effects will arise
that undoubtedly influence the sunlight-driven catalytic processes.
Herein, by taking bismuth oxyhalide as examples, we proposed that
giant electron–hole interactions would be expected in confined
layered structures, and excitons would be the dominating photoexcited
species. Photocatalytic molecular oxygen activation tests were performed
as a proof of concept, where singlet oxygen generation via energy
transfer process was brightened. Further experiments verify that structural
confinement is curial to the giant excitonic effects, where the involved
catalytic process could be readily regulated via facet-engineering,
thus enabling diverse reactive oxygen species generation. This study
not only provides an excitonic prospective on photocatalytic processes,
but also paves a new approach for pursuing systems with giant electron–hole
interactions
Optically Switchable Photocatalysis in Ultrathin Black Phosphorus Nanosheets
Recently low-dimensional
materials hold great potential in the
field of photocatalysis, whereas the concomitantly promoted many-body
effects have long been ignored. Such Coulomb interaction-mediated
effects would lead to some intriguing, nontrivial band structures,
thus promising versatile photocatalytic performances and optimized
strategies. Here, we demonstrate that ultrathin black phosphorus (BP)
nanosheets exhibit an exotic, excitation-energy-dependent, optical
switching effect in photocatalytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
It is, for the first time, observed that singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) are the dominant
ROS products under visible- and ultraviolet-light excitations, respectively.
Such an effect can be understood as a result of subband structure,
where energy-transfer and charge-transfer processes are feasible under
excitations in the first and second subband systems, respectively.
This work not only establishes an in-depth understanding on the influence
of many-body effects on photocatalysis but also paves the way for
optimizing catalytic performances via controllable photoexcitation
Highly Active Fe Sites in Ultrathin Pyrrhotite Fe<sub>7</sub>S<sub>8</sub> Nanosheets Realizing Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Identification of
active sites in an electrocatalyst is essential
for understanding of the mechanism of electrocatalytic water splitting.
To be one of the most active oxygen evolution reaction catalysts in
alkaline media, Ni–Fe based compounds have attracted tremendous
attention, while the role of Ni and Fe sites played has still come
under debate. Herein, by taking the pyrrhotite Fe<sub>7</sub>S<sub>8</sub> nanosheets with mixed-valence states and metallic conductivity
for examples, we illustrate that Fe could be a highly active site
for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. It is shown that the delocalized
electrons in the ultrathin Fe<sub>7</sub>S<sub>8</sub> nanosheets
could facilitate electron transfer processes of the system, where
d orbitals of Fe<sup>II</sup> and Fe<sup>III</sup> would be overlapped
with each other during the catalytic reactions, rendering the ultrathin
Fe<sub>7</sub>S<sub>8</sub> nanosheets to be the most efficient Fe-based
electrocatalyst for water oxidation. As expected, the ultrathin Fe<sub>7</sub>S<sub>8</sub> nanosheets exhibit promising electrocatalytic
oxygen evolution activities, with a low overpotential of 0.27 V and
a large current density of 300 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> at 0.5 V.
This work provides solid evidence that Fe could be an efficient active
site for electrocatalytic water splitting
Oxygen-Vacancy-Mediated Exciton Dissociation in BiOBr for Boosting Charge-Carrier-Involved Molecular Oxygen Activation
Excitonic effects
mediated by Coulomb interactions between photogenerated
electrons and holes play crucial roles in photoinduced processes of
semiconductors. In terms of photocatalysis, however, efforts have
seldom been devoted to the relevant aspects. For the catalysts with
giant excitonic effects, the coexisting, competitive exciton generation
serves as a key obstacle to the yield of free charge carriers, and
hence, transformation of excitons into free carriers would be beneficial
for optimizing the charge-carrier-involved photocatalytic processes.
Herein, by taking bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) as a prototypical model
system, we demonstrate that excitons can be effectively dissociated
into charge carriers with the incorporation of oxygen vacancy, leading
to excellent performances in charge-carrier-involved photocatalytic
reactions such as superoxide generation and selective organic syntheses
under visible-light illumination. This work not only establishes an
in-depth understanding of defective structures in photocatalysts but
also paves the way for excitonic regulation via defect engineering