Stiffness and Damping of Sands in Torsion Shear

A laboratory investigation was carried out into stiffness and damping of sands as sheared in a torsional shear apparatus. In the drained monotonic and cyclic loading tests, a particular care was taken of the small strain measurements in which the secant stiffness was measured over a wide range of shear strain from about 10-6 to 10-2. Despite the marked differences in the grain size and the sample preparation method among the sands, a fairly good coincidence of the secant stiffness was seen, in common, in the range of shear strain less than about 1 x 10-5 between two types of tests using the monotonic and cyclic loadings. However, the response was softer in the monotonic loading tests for the larger strains. It has also been pointed out that the damping when examined in relation to the normalized secant shear modulus was scarcely affected by the confining pressure, and that the values of damping were smaller than those so far available in the literature

Study of hadron interactions in a lead-emulsion target

Topological and kinematical characteristics of hadron interactions have been studied using a lead-emulsion target exposed to 2, 4 and 10 GeV/c hadron beams. A total length of 60 m $\pi^-$ tracks was followed using a high speed automated emulsion scanning system. A total of 318 hadron interaction vertices and their secondary charged particle tracks were reconstructed. Measurement results of interaction lengths, charged particle multiplicity, emission angles and momenta of secondary charged particles are compared with a Monte Carlo simulation and appear to be consistent. Nuclear fragments emitted from interaction vertices were also detected by a newly developed emulsion scanning system with wide-angle acceptance. Their emission angle distributions are in good agreement with the simulated distributions. Probabilities of an event being associated with at least one fragment track are found to be greater than 50% for beam momentum $P > 4$ GeV/c and are well reproduced by the simulation. These experimental results validate estimation of the background due to hadron interactions in the sample of $\tau$ decay candidates in the OPERA $\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{\tau}$ oscillation experiment.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure

Isolation and function of mouse tissue resident vascular precursors marked by myelin protein zero

Newly identified tissue-resident vascular precursor cells are recruited into growing vessels and contribute to vasculogenesis in adult mice

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Undrained behaviour of granular materials under principal stress rotation.

Imperial Users onl

マーケティング研究におけるケース・スタディの方法論

マーケティング科学の方法論 / 監修: 嶋口充輝、川又啓子, 余田拓郎, 黒岩健一郎編著、白桃書房、2009.4、ISBN:978456166181