Toolbox for the Development of Cadastral and Registration Proclamation for Second Level Certification Program in Ethiopia

Land together with its fixtures is the single most important asset in almost all societies. In Ethiopia land is also playing a pivotal role for sustainable development. Large scale cadastral projects supporting sustainable development and increased investments are planned all over the country as part of the countr

Cadastral procedure and spatial framework for the development of an efficient land administration system for the rural lands of ANRS (Amhara National Regional State) of Ethiopia

In Äthiopien wird derzeit ein Landadministrations-System in zwei Entwicklungsstufen implementiert. In einem ersten Schritt des Zertifizierungsprogramms wurde die rechtliche Beziehung zwischen Grundstücken und Besitzern registriert. Der zweite Schritt die Kartierung von Parzellen wird in nächster Zukunft gestartet werden. Das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit ist die Entwicklung von geeigneten Methoden für die zweite Stufe des Zertifizierungsprogramms in Amhara, einer Verwaltungsregion in Äthiopien. Dies erfordert auch eine Prüfung der derzeitigen Situation. In der Arbeit wurden auch Werkzeuge entwickelt, welche die institutionelle Umsetzung, die Aufbereitung der rechtlichen Grundlagen für Kataster und Grundbuch, die die Verdichtung des Festpunktfeldes und die für die Kartierung geeigneten Vermessungsmethoden umfassen. Das Kernmodell eines rechtlichen Katasters wurde zur Beschreibung der formalen und informalen Gegebenheiten in einem Landadministrationssystem verwendet. Dieses Modell wurde für die spezifische Situation in der Amhara-Region adaptiert. Dabei konnten viele Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen formalem und informalem System festgestellt werden. In Äthiopien sind im Rahmen des fünfjährigen Wachstums- und Umsetzungsplans großmaßstäbige Kataster-Projekte vorgesehen. Da die landesweiten rechtlichen Grundlagen für Kataster und Grundbuch keine Umsetzungsrichtlinien für Kataster-Projekte beinhalten, wurde ein Werkzeug entwickelt, welches für die Entwicklung von Umsetzungsrichtlinien zur Implementierung von Katasterprojekten in ländlichen Regionen dienen kann. Kosten-effiziente Fernerkundungsmethoden und terrestrische Vermessungsverfahren wurden auf ihre Eignung zur Produktion von Katastralmappen von unterschiedlichen Besitzverhältnissen untersucht. Diese sollen die Anforderungen der Nutzer erfüllen und an das nationale Koordinatensystem gekoppelt sein. Die Studie zeigt auf, das Vertrauen, Zuverlässigkeit und Nachvollziehbarkeit für ein Katastersystem wichtiger sind als die geometrische Genauigkeit sind. The Studie behandelt vorrangig die Entwicklung von Methoden für die Amhara Region. Aber die Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse dieser Studie können zum Großteil auch für die Entwicklung von Landadministrationen in anderen Regionen Äthiopiens und auch in anderen Staaten des Südens verwendet werden.The objective of this thesis is to developed suitable methodologies for second level certification program in the Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) of Ethiopia. The main addition in the second level certification program is the inclusion of parcel maps. The development of new way of working requires closer look of the existing situation. The study deals with development of toolbox for institutional set up, cadastral and registration proclamation preparation, creation and densification of ground control points and in the development of suitable survey methods in ANRS. The core legal cadastral model was used to describe both formal and informal settings in ANRS. Modifications were made for proper descriptions of both formal and informal settings. The study identified more similarities than difference between the two systems. Large scale cadastral projects are planned all over the country as part of the countrys five years growth and transformation plan. But cadastral and registration proclamation is not enacted to facilitate and guide the implementation of cadastral projects. The tool that can be used for the development of cadastral and registration proclamation for rural land administration in Ethiopia was developed. Remote sensing and ground surveying techniques were compared to produce cadastral map of different holding types that is good enough to satisfy the needs of users. The study, identified that trust on a system, dependability and repeatability are more important than geometric accuracy. Cost effective options that can fulfill the demands of second level certification program in ANRS by connecting the cadastral maps to a national grid are identified. However, the main part of the study deals with the development of methods suitable for ANRS, the developed methods largely can be used for conditions in the other regional states in the country and even in the developing world.submitted by Gebeyehu Belay ShibeshiZsfassung in dt. SpracheWien, Univ. für Bodenkultur, Diss., 2014OeBB(VLID)193113

Evaluation of the urban Land use plan’s effectiveness in achieving resource efficiency: the case of Bahir Dar city- Ethiopia

ABSTRACTUrban land use plans (ULUPs) contribute to the efficient use of resources for sustainable urban development. However, the metered contribution of Bahir Dar’s ULUPs to the efficient use of resources has not yet been known. Bahir Dar is the capital of the Amhara Region and a scenic city on the southern shore of Lake Tana, Ethiopia’s largest lake and the source of the Blue Nile. It attracts many visitors from inside and outside the country. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ULUPs in Bahir Dar to achieve efficient use of resources such as water, energy, and food. Thus, the study developed criteria to assess the effectiveness of ULUPs based on the global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results show that its ULUPs were not resource efficient in terms of food production, water quality and yield, and transport energy usage

Ethiopian urban land allocation policy and its contribution to urban densification

Urban densification is considered as the best tool for efficient urban land utilization, containment, and minimizing urban development costs. It is also a widely accepted approach to mitigate shortages of urban land and urban sprawl. With this in mind, Ethiopia has adopted a standard-based urban land allocation policy. The policy relies on population size during the urban planning process to address issues related to sustainable urban development by increasing the densities of its urban areas. However, the impact of the existing urban land allocation policy on urban densification has not been investigated adequately. Thus, this study examines the contribution of existing urban land allocation policies to urban densification in Ethiopia. A mixed research approach was employed to achieve the objective of the study. The study revealed that the policy gives more attention to the immediate and tangible conditions than the efficient use of land resources. Therefore, it allocated an average of 223 square meters of land to each person for urban development. The study implies that the country's urban land allocation policy is ineffective in achieving the intended outcome of urban densification. Instead, coupled with uncontrolled urban population growth, it has been exacerbating the rapid horizontal expansion of urban areas. With the current trend of horizontal expansion of urban areas, the country's land resources is expected to be converted into a built-up environment within the next 127 years unless the policy is radically changed. Thus, this paper calls for revisiting the existing urban land allocation strategy of the country in a way that responds towards efficient urban land allocation and sustainable urban development

Analyzing the Effects of Institutional Merger: Case of Cadastral Information Registration and Landholding Right Providing Institutions in Ethiopia

Strong national institutional arrangements in the geospatial information management are essential for successful implementation of sustainable land administration system. However, it is not only the existence of institutions but also their effectiveness that leads to the intended goals and reaching of objectives. There are international calls to merge highly related land administration institutions, yet Ethiopia executes two related land administration tasks (landholding right provision and cadastral registration) by two different institutions, the Urban Land Development and Management Bureau, and the Urban Land Adjudication and Information Registration Agency. Thus, the objective of this article is to analyze the effect of merging cadastral information registration and urban landholding right providing institutions lead to effective and strong national land institution. To achieve this, we had a qualitative approach analysis based on desk review and case study research methods. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the directors of the two institutions, and a group discussion with professional experts from both institutions. The findings of this study show that institutional merger between the two institutions believed to unravel the challenges of failing to achieve institutional goals. Although these institutions design strategic plans every year, the level of achievement or operational performance is low. The major cause for this problem is the poor coordination between the institutions. In view of this issue, we recommend merging the two institutions in one since it: reduces the effects of data duplication; provides one-window services; reduces operational costs; fills communication gaps among the staff; reduces time of operation; improves customer service; increases efficiency within processes; and provides a more efficient operation of land markets