Rigorous and efficient diffraction modeling between arbitrary planes by angular spectrum rearrangement

In computational optics, numerical modeling of diffraction between arbitrary planes offers unparalleled flexibility. However, existing methods suffer from the trade-off between computational accuracy and efficiency. To resolve this dilemma, we present a novel approach that rigorously and efficiently models wave propagation between two arbitrary planes. This is achieved by rearranging the angular spectrum of the source field, coupled with linear algebraic computations. Notably, our method achieves comparable computational efficiency to the control method for both scalar and vectorial diffraction modeling, while eliminating nearly all numerical errors. Furthermore, we selectively merge the angular spectrum to further enhance the efficiency at the expense of precision in a controlled manner. Thereafter, the time consumption is reduced to at most 3% of that before merging

Proteomic Insight into Functional Changes of Proteorhodopsin-Containing Bacterial Species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> under Different Illumination and Salinity Levels

The extremely psychrophilic proteorhodopsin-containing bacterial species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> is considered to be a model sea-ice microorganism, which has adapted to an epiphytic lifestyle. So far, not much is known about proteorhodopsin-based phototrophy and associated life strategies of sea ice bacteria, although it has been previously shown that <i>P. torquis</i> can gain growth advantage from light using a proteorhodopsin proton pump, the activity of which is influenced by environmental salinity. The comprehensive quantitative proteomic study performed here indicated that <i>P. torquis</i> responds to changing salinity and illumination conditions. Proteins in the electron-transfer chain were down-regulated at a suboptimal salinity level, TonB-dependent transporters increased in abundance under supra-optimal salinity and decreased under suboptimal salinity. In addition, several anaplerotic CO₂ fixation proteins and three putative light sensing proteins that contain PAS and GAF domains became more abundant under illumination. Furthermore, central metabolic pathways (TCA and glycolysis) were also induced by both salinity stress and illumination. The data suggest that <i>P. torquis</i> responded to changes in both light energy and salinity to modulate membrane and central metabolic proteins that are involved in energy production as well as nutrient uptake and gliding motility processes that would be especially advantageous during the polar summer ice algal bloom

Differentiation between Flavors of Sweet Orange (<i>Citrus sinensis</i>) and Mandarin (<i>Citrus reticulata</i>)

Pioneering investigations referring to citrus flavor have been intensively conducted. However, the characteristic flavor difference between sweet orange and mandarin has not been defined. In this study, sensory analysis illustrated the crucial role of aroma in the differentiation between orange flavor and mandarin flavor. To study aroma, Valencia orange and LB8–9 mandarin were used. Their most aroma-active compounds were preliminarily identified by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Quantitation of key volatiles followed by calculation of odor activity values (OAVs) further detected potent components (OAV ≥ 1) impacting the overall aromatic profile of orange/mandarin. Follow-up aroma profile analysis revealed that ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, octanal, decanal, and acetaldehyde were essential for orange-like aroma, whereas linalool, octanal, α-pinene, limonene, and (<i>E</i>,<i>E</i>)-2,4-decadienal were considered key components for mandarin-like aroma. Furthermore, an unreleased mandarin hybrid producing fruit with orange-like flavor was used to validate the identification of characteristic volatiles in orange-like aroma

Proteomic Insight into Functional Changes of Proteorhodopsin-Containing Bacterial Species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> under Different Illumination and Salinity Levels

The extremely psychrophilic proteorhodopsin-containing bacterial species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> is considered to be a model sea-ice microorganism, which has adapted to an epiphytic lifestyle. So far, not much is known about proteorhodopsin-based phototrophy and associated life strategies of sea ice bacteria, although it has been previously shown that <i>P. torquis</i> can gain growth advantage from light using a proteorhodopsin proton pump, the activity of which is influenced by environmental salinity. The comprehensive quantitative proteomic study performed here indicated that <i>P. torquis</i> responds to changing salinity and illumination conditions. Proteins in the electron-transfer chain were down-regulated at a suboptimal salinity level, TonB-dependent transporters increased in abundance under supra-optimal salinity and decreased under suboptimal salinity. In addition, several anaplerotic CO₂ fixation proteins and three putative light sensing proteins that contain PAS and GAF domains became more abundant under illumination. Furthermore, central metabolic pathways (TCA and glycolysis) were also induced by both salinity stress and illumination. The data suggest that <i>P. torquis</i> responded to changes in both light energy and salinity to modulate membrane and central metabolic proteins that are involved in energy production as well as nutrient uptake and gliding motility processes that would be especially advantageous during the polar summer ice algal bloom

Nickel–Cobalt Hydroxide Nanosheets Coated on NiCo₂O₄ Nanowires Grown on Carbon Fiber Paper for High-Performance Pseudocapacitors

A series of flexible nanocomposite electrodes were fabricated by facile electro-deposition of cobalt and nickel double hydroxide (DH) nanosheets on porous NiCo₂O₄ nanowires grown radially on carbon fiber paper (CFP) for high capacity, high energy, and power density supercapacitors. Among different stoichiometries of Co_<i>x</i>Ni_1–<i>x</i>DH nanosheets studied, Co_0.67Ni_0.33 DHs/NiCo₂O₄/CFP hybrid nanoarchitecture showed the best cycling stability while maintaining high capacitance of ∼1.64 F/cm² at 2 mA/cm². This hybrid composite electrode also exhibited excellent rate capability; the areal capacitance decreased less than 33% as the current density was increased from 2 to 90 mA/cm², offering excellent specific energy density (∼33 Wh/kg) and power density (∼41.25 kW/kg) at high cycling rates (up to150 mA/cm²)

Additional file 1 of Revisiting an old relationship: the causal associations of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio with cardiometabolic diseases and relative risk factors—a mendelian randomization analysis

Supplementary Material