6 research outputs found
Rigorous and efficient diffraction modeling between arbitrary planes by angular spectrum rearrangement
In computational optics, numerical modeling of diffraction between arbitrary planes offers unparalleled flexibility. However, existing methods suffer from the trade-off between computational accuracy and efficiency. To resolve this dilemma, we present a novel approach that rigorously and efficiently models wave propagation between two arbitrary planes. This is achieved by rearranging the angular spectrum of the source field, coupled with linear algebraic computations. Notably, our method achieves comparable computational efficiency to the control method for both scalar and vectorial diffraction modeling, while eliminating nearly all numerical errors. Furthermore, we selectively merge the angular spectrum to further enhance the efficiency at the expense of precision in a controlled manner. Thereafter, the time consumption is reduced to at most 3% of that before merging
Proteomic Insight into Functional Changes of Proteorhodopsin-Containing Bacterial Species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> under Different Illumination and Salinity Levels
The extremely psychrophilic proteorhodopsin-containing
bacterial
species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> is considered to be
a model sea-ice microorganism, which has adapted to an epiphytic lifestyle.
So far, not much is known about proteorhodopsin-based phototrophy
and associated life strategies of sea ice bacteria, although it has
been previously shown that <i>P. torquis</i> can gain growth
advantage from light using a proteorhodopsin proton pump, the activity
of which is influenced by environmental salinity. The comprehensive
quantitative proteomic study performed here indicated that <i>P. torquis</i> responds to changing salinity and illumination
conditions. Proteins in the electron-transfer chain were down-regulated
at a suboptimal salinity level, TonB-dependent transporters increased
in abundance under supra-optimal salinity and decreased under suboptimal
salinity. In addition, several anaplerotic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation
proteins and three putative light sensing proteins that contain PAS
and GAF domains became more abundant under illumination. Furthermore,
central metabolic pathways (TCA and glycolysis) were also induced
by both salinity stress and illumination. The data suggest that <i>P. torquis</i> responded to changes in both light energy and
salinity to modulate membrane and central metabolic proteins that
are involved in energy production as well as nutrient uptake and gliding
motility processes that would be especially advantageous during the
polar summer ice algal bloom
Differentiation between Flavors of Sweet Orange (<i>Citrus sinensis</i>) and Mandarin (<i>Citrus reticulata</i>)
Pioneering investigations referring
to citrus flavor have been
intensively conducted. However, the characteristic flavor difference
between sweet orange and mandarin has not been defined. In this study,
sensory analysis illustrated the crucial role of aroma in the differentiation
between orange flavor and mandarin flavor. To study aroma, Valencia
orange and LB8–9 mandarin were used. Their most aroma-active
compounds were preliminarily identified by aroma extract dilution
analysis (AEDA). Quantitation of key volatiles followed by calculation
of odor activity values (OAVs) further detected potent components
(OAV ≥ 1) impacting the overall aromatic profile of orange/mandarin.
Follow-up aroma profile analysis revealed that ethyl butanoate, ethyl
2-methylbutanoate, octanal, decanal, and acetaldehyde were essential
for orange-like aroma, whereas linalool, octanal, α-pinene,
limonene, and (<i>E</i>,<i>E</i>)-2,4-decadienal
were considered key components for mandarin-like aroma. Furthermore,
an unreleased mandarin hybrid producing fruit with orange-like flavor
was used to validate the identification of characteristic volatiles
in orange-like aroma
Proteomic Insight into Functional Changes of Proteorhodopsin-Containing Bacterial Species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> under Different Illumination and Salinity Levels
The extremely psychrophilic proteorhodopsin-containing
bacterial
species <i>Psychroflexus torquis</i> is considered to be
a model sea-ice microorganism, which has adapted to an epiphytic lifestyle.
So far, not much is known about proteorhodopsin-based phototrophy
and associated life strategies of sea ice bacteria, although it has
been previously shown that <i>P. torquis</i> can gain growth
advantage from light using a proteorhodopsin proton pump, the activity
of which is influenced by environmental salinity. The comprehensive
quantitative proteomic study performed here indicated that <i>P. torquis</i> responds to changing salinity and illumination
conditions. Proteins in the electron-transfer chain were down-regulated
at a suboptimal salinity level, TonB-dependent transporters increased
in abundance under supra-optimal salinity and decreased under suboptimal
salinity. In addition, several anaplerotic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation
proteins and three putative light sensing proteins that contain PAS
and GAF domains became more abundant under illumination. Furthermore,
central metabolic pathways (TCA and glycolysis) were also induced
by both salinity stress and illumination. The data suggest that <i>P. torquis</i> responded to changes in both light energy and
salinity to modulate membrane and central metabolic proteins that
are involved in energy production as well as nutrient uptake and gliding
motility processes that would be especially advantageous during the
polar summer ice algal bloom
Nickel–Cobalt Hydroxide Nanosheets Coated on NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanowires Grown on Carbon Fiber Paper for High-Performance Pseudocapacitors
A series
of flexible nanocomposite electrodes were fabricated by
facile electro-deposition of cobalt and nickel double hydroxide (DH)
nanosheets on porous NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanowires grown
radially on carbon fiber paper (CFP) for high capacity, high energy,
and power density supercapacitors. Among different stoichiometries
of Co<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ni<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>DH nanosheets studied, Co<sub>0.67</sub>Ni<sub>0.33</sub> DHs/NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CFP hybrid nanoarchitecture showed the best
cycling stability while maintaining high capacitance of ∼1.64
F/cm<sup>2</sup> at 2 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. This hybrid composite electrode
also exhibited excellent rate capability; the areal capacitance decreased
less than 33% as the current density was increased from 2 to 90 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, offering excellent specific energy density (∼33 Wh/kg)
and power density (∼41.25 kW/kg) at high cycling rates (up
to150 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>)