Extraction procedure of loess shoulder-lines.

<p>(a) Hillshade image of DEM data; (b) Slope image of the test area; (c) Initial terrain masks using Jenks natural breaks only; (d) The largest and main terrain mask by reconstruction operations; (e) Initial extraction result by Marr-Hildreth without terrain mask; (f) Final loess shoulder-lines with terrain mask(σ = 8).</p

Loess shoulder-lines with different standard deviation σ.

<p>(a) Hillshade image of original DEM; (b) manual delineation; (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) and (h) are the result by different σ of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 respectively.</p

The EDOP accuracy with different standard deviation <i>σ</i>.

<p>LS: Length of shoulder-lines (m); LS within EDRL: Length of shoulder-lines within EDRL.</p><p>The EDOP accuracy with different standard deviation <i>σ</i>.</p

Extraction results of loess shoulder-lines obtained by (a) the Tang method[22]; (b) proposed method with σ = 5; (c) the Tang method[22]; (d) proposed method with σ = 5.

<p>Extraction results of loess shoulder-lines obtained by (a) the Tang method[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0123804#pone.0123804.ref022" target="_blank">22</a>]; (b) proposed method with σ = 5; (c) the Tang method[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0123804#pone.0123804.ref022" target="_blank">22</a>]; (d) proposed method with σ = 5.</p

A shoulder-line’s location in a typical profile.

<p>A shoulder-line’s location in a typical profile.</p

The scatter plots represent the relationship between (a) standard deviation and length of loess shoulder-lines; (b) standard deviations and EDOP accuracy.

<p>The scatter plots represent the relationship between (a) standard deviation and length of loess shoulder-lines; (b) standard deviations and EDOP accuracy.</p

Accuracy assessment.

<p>EDRL: Euclidean distance raster layer.</p><p>Accuracy assessment.</p

The study area is located in Yijun, Shanxi province of China.

<p>The study area is located in Yijun, Shanxi province of China.</p

Novel ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled CUDC-101 for in Vivo PET Imaging of Histone Deacetylases

We report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a ⁶⁴Cu-labeled histone deacetylase (HDAC) imaging probe, which was obtained by introduction of metal chelator through click reaction of HDAC inhibitor CUDC-101 and then radiolabeled with ⁶⁴Cu. The resulting ⁶⁴Cu-labeled compound <b>7</b> ([⁶⁴Cu]<b>7</b>) was identified as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe to noninvasively visualize HDAC expression in vivo. Cell based competitive assay established the specific binding of [⁶⁴Cu]<b>7</b> to HDACs. Biodistribution and small-animal microPET/CT studies further showed that [⁶⁴Cu]<b>7</b> had high tumor to background ratio in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model, a triple-negative breast cancer with high expression of HDACs. To our knowledge, [⁶⁴Cu]<b>7</b> thus represents the first ⁶⁴Cu-labeled PET HDAC imaging probe, which exhibits nanomolar range binding affinity and capability to imaging HDAC expression in triple-negative breast cancer in vivo